THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 



moth from pear-boring larvas, and the fact was recorded many years, 

 ago by the German entomologist, Kollar. It also inhabits the fruit of 

 the crab-apple and quince, and is not even confined to pip-fruit, for 

 Dr. T. C. Hilgard, of St. Louis, bred a specimen, now in my cabinet, 

 from the sweetish pulp of a species of screw-bean (Strombocarpa 

 monoica) which grows in pods, and which was obtained from the 

 Rocky Mountains, while Mr. Win. Saunders, of London, Ontario, Can- 

 ada, has also found it attacking the plum in his vicinity.* This is 

 entirely a new trait in the history of our Codling moth, and is another 

 evidence of the manner in which certain individuals of a species may 

 branch off from the old beaten track of their ancestors. This change 

 of food sometimes produces a change in the insects themselves, and it 

 would not be at all surprising, if this plum-feeding sect of the Cod- 

 ling moth, should in time show variations from the normal pip-fruit 

 feeding type. As Mr. Saunders is a well known entomologist, it is 

 not likely that he has been mistaken in the identification of the spe- 

 cies, for the only other worm of this character which is known to 

 attack the plum in America, is the larva of Mr. Walsh's Plum moth 

 (Semasiaprunivora) which is a very much smaller insect than the 

 Codling moth. Mr. Saunders says that his plum crop suffered con- 

 siderably from this cause and that the operation appeared to be per- 

 formed by the second brood, the plums falling much later than those 

 stung by the Curculio — remaining in fact on the tree till nearly ripe. 

 I do not think that this insect has yet acquired an appetite for the 

 plum in the States. As a general rule, there is but a single worm in 

 each apple, but two are sometimes found in one and the same fruit. 



Remedies. — Though with some varieties of the apple, the fruit re- 

 mains on the tree till after the worm has left it, .yet by far the greater 

 portion of the infested fruit falls, prematurely with the worm, to the 

 ground ; hence much can be done toward diminishing the numbers of 

 this little pest by picking up and destroying the fallen fruit as soon as 

 it touches the ground. For this purpose, hogs will again be found 

 quite valuable, when circumstances allow of their being turned into 

 the orchard. Abundant testimony might be given to prove this, but 

 I make room only for the folio-wing from Mr. Suel Foster, of Musca- 

 tine, Iowa, whom I know to be abundantly capable of forming a pro- 

 per judgment: 



"I have twenty-four acres of my orchards seeded to clover, and 

 last year I turned the hogs in. I now observe that where the hogs 

 ran last year, the apples have not one-fourth the worms that they 

 have on other trees. I this year turned the hogs into my oldest 

 (home) orchard. f" 



* Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Arts, of the Province of Ontario, for tha 

 year 1S63, page 200. 



f Transactions Illinois State Horticultural Society, 1867, page 213. 

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