THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 135 



and I therefore subjoin a more detailed description of it in its differ- 

 ent stages: 



Penthina* Vitivorana, Packard — Larva. — Average length 0.35. Largest on segments 10 and 

 11, tapering thence gradually to the head and suddenly to anus. Color either dark shiny olive- 

 green, glaucous, or brownish. Head and cervical shield honey-yellow, the latter with a darker pos- 

 terior margin. Piliferous spots scarcely distinguishable. Described from 10 specimens. 



Crysalis — 0.18 — 0.20 long. Of normal form. Quite variable in color. Usually of alight honey- 

 yellow, with a green shade on the abdomen, and black eyes, but sometimes entirely dark-green, 

 with light eyes. The chrysalis skin, after the moth has left, is always deep honey-yellow, with 

 the green abdominal mark distinct. 



Ptr/ect insect — Average length 0.17 ; alar expanse 0.37. Head, thorax, palpi and basal half of 

 antennae fulvous Terminal half of antennaj darker. Legs fulvous, becoming darker on tarsi. 

 Ground-color of fore wiDgs pale slate-blue, with a slight metallic lustre, which becomes lighter and 

 somewhat silvery interiorly and posteriorly. A dark rich-brown band, with a light, somewhat 

 silvery annulation proceeds from the middle of the costa towards the inner margin, becoming 

 paler interiorly ; its basal margin being indistinct, but running almost straight across the wing, 

 its outer margin well defined, curving to a rounded point which reaches to the middle of the outer 

 third of the wing and thence running obliquely inwards, nearly to the middle of the inner margin. 

 Beyond this middle band is a large, deep brown, somewhat oval spot, also lighter below than above, 

 and with a pale annulation, which is broken on the outer side above, allowing the spot to extend 

 to the margin of the wing. Above this large spot, at the apex, is a small perfectly round dark 

 spot, with a bright annulation inclining to orange color. The space enclosed by the middle band, 

 and these two spots just described, is brown above, with usually four lighter fulvous costal marks quite 

 distinct, each mark divided at costa by a slight touch of brown. Another somewhat triangular 

 brown spot, with a light annulation above, runs from the posterior angle up between the middle 

 band and large oval spot. The blue space from the middle band to the base of wing is generally 

 brownish near the base, with a brown line across the middle from costa to inner margin, and with 

 two other costal brown marks. The fringes partake of the ground-color. Hind wings slate- 

 brown, darkest near the margins ; fringes same color. Body brownish with frequently a clear 

 green tint. The male differs principally in its somewhat smaller size, and especially in the smaller 

 size of the abdomen. Individuals vary greatly. 



Described from 5 § and 2 $ specimens, all well preserved and fresh. 



Remedies. — This insect threatens to become a grievous pest unless 

 checked by some unforseen means, as was the case with the Grape 

 curculio. Luckily, there is at least one parasite which attacks it, in 

 the shape of a yellowish, footless maggot, with a green tint and 14 

 segments. I obtained such maggots from two of the caterpillars, one 

 having crawled out of its host before, and the other after he had spun 

 up. Absence from home prevented my breeding this parasite, but it 

 would doubtless have produced some 4-winged fly belonging to the 

 Chalcis family (see PL 2, Figs. 6 and 9). According to Mr. Read, the 

 first brood of caterpillars feed on the leaves, appearing in May (in Ohio) 

 or as soon as the leaves are grown. The worms which appear in our 

 grapes in July are, therefore, the second brood, and there is doubtless 

 a third brood, for Mr. Rathvon received them in October, and I have 

 taken the worm out of a grape as late as the 22d of September. The 

 broods, in all probability, run into one another and the last passes the 

 winter within the cocoon, either in the larva or pupa state. They 

 should, therefore, be searched for early in the season on the leaves.. 

 The second brood of worms, or those which infest grapes, can easily 

 be espied and destroyed in a healthy vineyard; but where a vineyard 



*Heinemann and Lederer unite the genus Penthina with Ctrapholitha, under the latter name, 

 and I belieye Mr. C, T, Robinson, of New York, follows them in this respect. 



