THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



105 



purplish-blue. Each segment with six transverse wrinkles, of which the first and fourth are 

 Bomewhat wider than the others. Four longitudinal yellow lines, each equidistant from the 

 other, and each interrupted by a pale blue spot on the aforementioned first and fourth transverse 

 wrinkles. Traces of two additional longitudinal lines below, one on each side immediately above 

 prolegs. On each transverse wrinkle is a row of various sized, round, polished black, slightly 

 raised, piliferous spots ; those on wrinkles one and four being largest and most regularly situated. 

 Ilairs arising from the3e spots, stiff and black. Venter rather lighter than ground-color above, 

 and minutely speckled more or less with dull black. Head same color as body ; covered with 

 black piliferous spot?, and usually with a yellow or orange patch each side— quite variable. The 

 black piliferous spots frequently have a pale blue annulation around the base, especially in the 

 darker specimens. 



The chrysalis (Fig. 72, 5), averages 0.65 inch in length, and is as vari- 

 able in depth of ground-color, as the larva. The general color is 

 light bluish-gray, more or less intensely speckled with black, with the 

 ridges and prominences edged with buff or with flesh-color, and 

 having larger black dots. 



The female butterfly (Fig. 73) dif- 

 fers remarkably from the male which 

 h represent at Figure 74. It will be 

 seen, upon comparing these figures 

 that the ? is altogether darker than 

 the c?. This sexual difference in ap- 

 pearance is purely cclorational, how- 

 ever, and there should not be the dif- 

 ference in the form of the wings which the two figures would indi- 

 cate, for the hind wings in the d 1 cut, are altogether too short and 

 rounded. 



This insect may be found in all its different stages through the 

 months of July, August and September. It hybernates in the chrys- 

 alis state. I do not know that it feeds on anything but Cabbage, but 

 I once found a c? chrysalis fastened to a stalk of the common nettle 

 (Solanum carolinense), which was growing in a cemetery with no 

 cabbages within at least a quarter of a mile : and Mr. J. K. Muhleman 

 is reported as having stated at a late meeting of the Alton (Illinois) 

 Horticultural Society, that it is injurious to turnips and other plants 

 of the cabbage family. There are two broods of this insect each year. 

 As already stated, in the more northern and eastern States our 

 Southern Cabbage Butterfly occurs in 

 comparatively small numbers, but it is 

 replaced by the Potherb Butterfly 

 (Pieris oleracea, Boisd.), an indigenous 

 species which does not occur with us. 

 This last (Fig. 75, butterfly with the 

 larva beneath) is in reality a northern 

 species, for it rarely reaches as far south 

 as Pennsylvania, but extends east to 

 Nova Scotia, west to Lake Superior, 

 and north as far as the Great Slave Lake 

 in the Hudson's Bay Company's territory. It is readily distinguished 



