THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 117 



moult the color of the body becomes still lighter, some of the tuber- 

 cles still proportionally longer and longer, and those on the back all 

 begin to appear orange ; while a distinct orange spot becomes visible 

 between the long horns on the first segment, from which spot the 

 soft, forked orange scent-organs are thrust. After the third moult but 

 very little change takes place, and after the fourth moult, the worm 

 loses in a great measure its shiny appearance, becomes more velvety 

 and darker, and when full grown presents the appearance of Figure 

 84, and may be described as follows : 



Length, two inches. Color velvety black, with a slight purplish or chesnut-brown hue. Cov- 

 ered with long fleshy tubercles of the same color as body, and shorter orange colored tubercles, as 

 follows : Two, which are brown, long, tapering and feeler-like, springing anteriorly one from 

 each side of joint 1, the two being movable, and alternately applied to the surface upon which 

 the worm moves. Joint 2, with two brown tubercles, one springing from each side with a down- 

 ward curve, and each about one-third as long as those on joint 1 ; also with two small dorsal, 

 wart-like orange tubercles. Joints 3 and 5 exactly like joint 2, but on joint 4 the lateral 

 brown tubercle is replaced by a wart-like orange one. Joints 6, 7, 8 and 9, each with two small 

 dorsal orange tubercles, and each with a lateral, elongated, pointed, brown, downwardly curved 

 one, arising from the base of prolegs. Joints 10 and 11 also with these lateral tubercles, but the 

 orange dorsal ones replaced by longer pointed curved brown ones, which however often have an 

 orange base. Joint 12 with two somewhat stouter dorsal brown tubercles, but none at sides. 

 Joints 7, 8, 9 and 10, each with a lateral orange spot just before and above the spiracles, which 

 are sunk into the flesh and scarcely perceptible. Head, legs, venter and cervical shield the same 

 color as body, the venter with two tubercles on joint 5, which much resemble prolegs, the 

 cervical shield, with an orange transverse spot on anterior edge, from which is thrust the osma- 

 terium. 



When full grown this tubercled worm fastens itself by its hind 

 legs and by a silken loop drawn between joints 5 and 6, and in about 

 C Fi s- 85 1 two days changes to a chrysalis, of 



which Figure 85, a, gives a shaded 

 back-view, and b a lateral outline. 

 This chrysalis is at first yellowish- 

 green, but soon becomes beauti- 



/f J-t y y^~^'^ fully marked with gray and violet, 



Z and more or less with yellow on 



the back: and it is readily distin- 

 guished from all other chrysalides 



of North American butterflies be- 

 te 



longing to the same genus (Papilio) by two trigonate prominences 

 on the head which give it a square appearance ; by a very prominent 

 trigonate projection on the top, and a lesser one each side of thorax; 

 by the wing-sheaths being much dilated and sharply edged above, 

 and by six prominent, rounded, narrow edged, longitudinal projec- 

 tions on the top of the three principal abdominal joints. 



The butterfly which issues from this chrysalis in about three 

 weeks, is such a delicate and elegant object, that it is next to impos- 

 sible to give a just illustration of it. The front wings are black with 

 a greenish metallic reflection on the nerves and along the front and 

 hinder borders, and a row of white spots near the hinder border, 

 which is very slightly undulate, with a narrow cream-colored mark on 



