6 THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF 



gigantic Root-borers (Prionus im.h'icornis, Linn, and P. laticollisy 

 Drury). The trunk is riddled by the larvae of several Long-horn 

 beetles, and pre eminently by the Two-striped Saperda (Saperda 

 bivittata, Say), as well as by other smaller beetles; the liber and 

 alburnum are destroyed by the Flat-headed borer (Chrysobotliris 

 femorata, Fabr.), the outer bark eaten by bark beetles {Seolytus 

 family) and sucked by Bark-lice peculiar to it. The branches and 

 twigs are bcxed along the axis and pruned by the larvae of the com- 

 mon Pruner (Elaphidion villosum, Fabr.), and by that of the Paral- 

 lel Pruner (E. parallelum, Lee), girdled by the Twig-girdler ( Onci- 

 deres cingulatus, Say*), sawed and rasped by the Periodical Cicadas 

 (Cicada septemdecim, Linn, and C. tredecim, Riley), otherwise 

 known as Seventeen-year Locusts, by tree-hoppers and a dozen other 

 Homopterous insects; bored into from the side by the Twig-borer 

 (Bostrichus licaudatus, Say), wounded by the bites of such beetles 

 as the New York Weevil (Ithy cents novceboracensis, Forster), or 

 pierced as by a red-hotwire by small boring beetles (Scolytidce). 



The buds before they expand are infested with the larvae of the 

 Apple Bud-moth ( Grapholitha oculana, Harr.), or entirely devoured 

 by voracious cut-worms (Agrotis scandens, Riley, etc.). The blos- 

 som has no sooner unfolded its delicate and beautiful petals than it 

 is devoured entirely either by the Brazen Blister Beetle (Lytta amea, 

 Say), the Striped Cucumber Beetle (Dlahrotica vitlata, Fabr.), the 

 Rose bug, or by a great many other insects that might be mentioned, 

 some, as the different bees, confining themselves to the pollen or honey 

 from the nectaries, while others again prefer other parts. The young 

 fruit is either eaten partly or entirely by Snapping beetles (Melano- 

 tics communis and M. incertus), or punctured by either the Plum or 

 Apple Curculios, and afterwards bored through and through by their 

 larva>, or by that ubiquitous Apple Worm (Oarpocapsa pomonelhi); 

 as it matures it is eaten into by the larvae of the Plum Moth \ (Sem.a- 

 sia prunivora, Walsh), rendered putrid by the Apple Maggot ( Try- 

 peta pomonella, Walsh), and by the Apple Midge ( Molobrus mali, 

 Fitch); as it ripens it is gouged by the Flower Beetles (Euryomia inda 

 and E. melanclwlica), and disfigured by a variety of other insects, 

 while the skin is often gnawed off and corroded by the larvae of the 

 Rose Leaf-roller (Zoxotcenia rosaceana, Harr.); and even the seed, 

 if it should be preserved, will be attacked by the Grain Sylvanus 

 (Sllvanus surinamensis, Linn.), the Dwarf Trogosita ( I 1 , nana, Melsh.) 

 and the larvae of one or two small moths. And as to the leaves, they 

 are not only sapped and curled by the Apple Plant-louse (ApMsmali, 

 Fabr.), and by leaf hoppers ; rolled by several leaf-rollers; folded at 

 the edges by a small pale, undescribed worm which I shall soon de- 

 scribe; blistered by the Rosa Hispa (Uroplata rosa, Weber); 



*I have bred specimens of this insect from apple twigs. 

 -(•Inappropriately so called by Mr. Walsh, as I shall presently show. 



