THE STATE ENTuMOLCGIsT. 



21 



[Fig- 4.] run on rough ground and more 



readily turned, which, in a 

 great measure, is true; but 

 the Ward machine might be 

 so made that it could easily 

 be tilted on o :e wheel in 

 turning, and our Benton Har- 

 bor friends have so far found 

 no difficulty in operating it. 

 The two wheels have the ad- 

 ditional advantage that the 

 machine is not rendered un- 

 wieldy by strong wind. It 

 also stands firm when left by 

 the operator, who is thereby 

 better enabled to use a mallet 

 if he prefers it, the mallet 

 being hung to the shafts, and 

 taken down after the machine 

 is wheeled into position. Either machine can be used with a bumper, 

 or with a mallet, and there are certain rules which should be adopted 

 in jarring for the Ourculio, no matter whether a one-wheel or a two- 

 wheel machine is used. These rules are: First. In jarring with a 

 mallet, it is best to prepare each tree by squarely sawing off some 

 particular limb, or else the mallet must be well protected with rubber 

 to prevent bruising of the tender bark. The former custom is by far 

 the best, as we are enabled to give the tree a sharp, vibrating rap 

 with the bare, hard wood. Secondly. If the mallet is dispensed with, 

 and the tree is bumped with the machine — a method which certainly 

 has the advantage of expedition — it will be found altogether more 

 profitable to drive a shouldered spike or to insert a shouldered screw 

 in the trunk at the right distance from the ground, and the jarring 

 can then always be done on this spike without injury to the tree. 



If the trees are headed high enough to admit of a sufficient in- 

 clination of the canvas, the beetles will naturally roll to the centre 

 and fall into whatever receptacle there may be for them below ; but 

 such an inclination is not often practicable, and the brush or broom 

 is almost always needed. 



The orchardist must also be guided in his choice of machines by 

 the character of his land, for the two-wheel machine doubtless owes 

 much of its success around St. Joseph, Michigan, to the smoothness 

 of their land. No machine will work well on rough, cloddy soil. 



There are various improvements that might be made in the above 

 machine by any ingenious person, and at my suggestion Mr. J. E. 

 Porter of the Eagle Agricultural Works, Ottawa, Illinois, has com- 

 menced building these two-wheel machines with adjustable arms. 

 The canvas also is to be so made that it can be fastened on and taken 



