62 THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF 



front wings of both sexes are each furnished with two white spots ;f 

 but while in the male (Fig. 24, i) there is but one large spot on the 

 hind wings, in the female (Fig. 24, 5) this spot is invariably more or 

 less constricted in the middle, especially above, and is often entirely 

 divided into two distinct spots. The body of the male has but one 

 distinct transverse band, and a longitudinal white dash at its extrem- 

 ity superiorly, while that of the female has two white bands. The 

 antenna 1 , as already stated, are still more characteristic, those of the 

 male being elbowed and thickened near the middle, while those of 

 the female are simple and thread-like. 



There are two broods in this latitude — and probably three farther 

 south — during the year; the first moths appearing in June, the sec- 

 ond in August, and the worms produced from these last hibernating 

 in the chrysalis state. The eggs are scattered in small patches over 

 the vines, and the worms are found of all sizes at the same time. 

 These last change to chrysalids in 21 to 30 days from hatching, and 

 give forth the moths in about a week afterwards. 



The worm (Fig. 24, 1) folds rather than rolls the leaf, by fastening 

 two portions together by its silken threads; and for this reason, in 

 contradistinction to the many leaf-rollers, may be popularly known 

 as the "Grape Leaf-folder." It is of a glass-green color,* and very 

 active, wriggling, jumping and jerking either way at every touch. 

 The head and thoracic segments are marked as at Figure 24, 2. If 

 let alone, these worms will soon defoliate a vine, and the best method 

 of destroying them is by crushing suddenly within the leaf, with both 

 hands. To prevent their appearance, however, requires far less 

 trouble. The chrysalis is formed within the fold of the leaf, and by 

 going over the vineyard in October, or any time before the le 

 fall, and carefully plucking and destroying all those that are folded 

 and crumpled, the supply for the following year will be cut off. This 

 should be done collectively to be positively effectual, for the utmost 

 vigilance will avail but little if one is surrounded with slovenly neigh- 

 bors. 



I believe this insect shows no preference for any particular kind 

 of grape-vine, having found it on well nigh all the cultivated as well 

 as the wild varieties. Its natural enemies consist of spiders, wasps, 

 and a small undescribed species of 7hc7iina-i\y which I have ascer- 

 tained to infest it in the larva state, and to which I have given the 

 MS. name of desmice. There is every reason to believe that it is also 

 attacked by a small clay-yellow beetle, the Grape-vine Colaspis 



* I subjoin a description of this worm, as first given by me in the Prairie Farmer Annual for 

 186S. Average length, 0.80. Largest on abdominal joints, and tapering thence slightly each way. 

 Color glass green, always darker above than below. A narrow darker dorsal line, with each joint 

 swollen into two transverse wrinkles. Laterally paler or yellowish, and a large and distinct pilif- 

 erous spot on each joint, with others scarcely visible with a lens. Head fulvous, poli.-hcd, hori- 

 zontal, with two small eyespots and two larger dark patches. Joint 1 of the same color, and 

 marked as in Figure 24, 2. Joint 2 has two small spots, with an intermediate larger one, on each 

 side. Legs yellowish. Acquires a carneous or pink tint before changing to chrysalis, which lat- 

 ter is of the normal color, size and form of Figure 24, :), and has at the tail several very minute 

 curved hooks, joining and forming into a point. 



