THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



remain or be continued on the same piece 

 of land for more than two or three years, 

 if what is called the matted or bed system 

 of cultivation is pursued ; because the 

 parent beetle soon learns that these weedy, 

 little-disturbed plantations, are a safe place 

 for her to deposit her eggs. 



To avoid injury to Strawberry planta- 

 tions by this insect, use land that has been 

 occupied at least two years in some hoed 

 crop, like corn, potatoes, or beans, and 

 then set out a new one on fresh land as 

 soon as the old plants begin to fail. 



As all the May-beetles are nocturnal in 

 habit many may be taken by using tubs 

 of water with a floating light in the center. 



[Fig. 37.1 



Strawberry Leaf-roller : — a, larva, natural size ; l>, head 

 and thoracic joints ; tfy anal joint of same ; c^ moth — enlarged 

 (after Riley). 



A few hundred taken every evening during 

 the first few weeks of summer will do 

 something toward diminishing the number 

 of the succeeding generations in a neigh- 

 borhood, but the birds and domestic fowls 

 are the Strawberry grower's most efficient 

 helpers in the way of destroying May- 

 beetles and White Grubs. 



Among the various other kinds of insects 

 injurious to the Strawberry there is perhaps 

 none more destructive than that known as 

 the " Strawberry Worm." This pest is a 

 small, slender, pale-green worm that attacks 

 the leaves, eating large holes in them. 

 When at all abundant it soon destroys the 

 entire foliage, and of course prevents fur- 

 ther growth of the plants. A few years 

 ago this pest almost ruined the plants in 

 my garden, but of late it has not been very 

 abundant, although it has not entirely dis- 

 appeared. This Strawberry Worm is the 

 larva of a small black fly (^Emphytus 7nacii- 

 latus Norton, Fig. 36, 3). Dusting the leaves 

 with lime would probably check the in- 

 crease of this insect. There is also an- 

 other worm that attacks the leaves of the 



Strawberry, but this is a leaf-roller and 

 the caterpillar of a small, handsome moth 

 {AncJiyJopcra fragaricc Walsh and Riley, 

 Fig. 37). I have not observed it in my 

 grounds, but it is quite abundant in the 

 Western states, also in Canada, where it is 

 occasionally very destructive. In addition 

 to the above there is a small snout^beetle 

 known as the Strawberry Crown-borer (J);- 

 lodcrma fmgan'ce, Riley, Fig. 38), that 

 works in the crowns of the plants, destroy- 

 ing the embryo fruit stalks and leaves. 

 The remedy proposed is to plow up the 

 Strawberry plantations soon after gathering 

 the fruit in summer, and while the little 

 grubs are still in tlie crown of the plants. 



[Fig. 38.] 



Stkawueukv Crown-borer; — a, larva; ^, beetle, side view; 

 c, do. dorsal view — enlarged (after Riley). 



Several other species of noxious insects 

 might be added to the above list of those 

 injuring the small fruits, but I think enough 

 have already been named to show that the 

 berry growers do not find the business quite 

 so profitable or free from annoyances as 

 many persons seem to imagine. 



EFFECTS OF COLD APPLIED TO THE CHRY- 

 SALIDES OF BUTTERFLIES. 



Mr. Wm. H. Edwards of Coalburgh, W. 

 Va., has recently given in Psyche a detailed 

 account of a series of experiments, made 

 with a view of ascertaining the effects of 

 artificial cold brought to bear on the chry- 

 salides of butterflies. The effects of hiber- 

 nation in the chrysalis state as exemplified 

 in the vernal forms of double-brooded or 

 many-brooded species is toward reduction 

 in size and albinism or loss of color. We 

 proved this by actually breeding the 7'er- 

 nalis form of Pieris protodice, from eggs 

 laid by the typical summer form of this 

 last, and have been often struck with the 



