ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE, AND HOW TO STUDY IT 5 
tinguished in literature or art, because of that power they 
have of feeling themselves into many situations of 
interest to their fellow-men. Now I take it that 
Shakespeare was a man who possessed this faculty— 
though in an eminent degree combined with many 
others, as, for example, power of visual imagination and 
word-painting. But he might have had the latter and a 
host of other powers developed in the highest degree, and 
yet not have been a Shakespeare. He could not have 
felt like all the different characters which he put into 
even one of his marvellous dramas. In the course of 
one’s limited experience he will meet people who have 
this power to put themselves in others’ places, who are 
by no means Shakespeares, but who, notwithstanding, 
have in this invaluable endowment an affinity with the 
great poet; and you will generally find that such people 
are kind, slow to condemn, moderate in their censure 
and just in their estimates, all of which is more or less 
dependent on their ability to put themselves in the 
place of others—many others of different psychic make- 
up. Such are the people too, who are best adapted to 
understand animals, although they may, or may not be 
able to explain their mental qualities to others. There 
is such a thing as feeling one’s way to truth when hard 
logic and cold philosophy are unavailing. You will, of 
course, not mistake my meaning here. I do not advo- 
eate the substitution of sentiment for cool, many-sided 
deliberation, but the putting one’s self in the place of 
our fellow-men and the lower animals, and thus attempt- 
ing to understand them. Indeed I would go so far as 
to say that this is the only way to make any real pro- 
eress; all other methods must be aids to this final 
attitude of the mind. 
In the understanding of the lower animals we must 
each become as a little child, and I know of nothing in 
which this is more literally true than in the study of 
