18 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
but we are apt to ignore the psychological similarity. 
From experiments on the brains of the lower animals 
we areue as to the nature of the brain of man. Why 
not pursue the comparative method for the soul ? 
This condition of things can be traced to the influence 
of views still surviving, unscientific, as we believe, as to 
man’s origin and place in the universe. At all events, 
such views exist and influence practically our treat- 
ment of the lower animals. Where man is concerned, 
their rights are very seldom considered. The question 
is not raised as to whose rights are paramount, but it is 
tacitly assumed that when man is involved the brutes 
have none. That such views have been up to the 
present time operative to the neglect, and often the 
positive annoyance, if not the actual persecution and 
death of unoffending creatures, will be perfectly plain 
to any one who will take the pains to examine into 
the case. 
If there is to be order in the universe, it must be 
conceded that where respective interests clash in 
certain cases, that interest and that creature of less 
importance must give way to the one of greater 
importance; but man can never act righteously to his 
fellow-creatures iower in the animal scale till he 
recognises that he is of them not only in his body but 
in his mind; in other words, that they are truly 
fellows, or, as some one has expressed it, “poor 
relations.” But let this not be said in any pitying 
sense, for it can be most clearly shown that in not a 
few respects not only are these “poor relations ” equal 
but superior to man. 
Physiologists have long been familiar with the higher 
development of the senses in animals below man. There 
is not a single sense that man possesses in which he 
is not excelled by some one animal, often immeasurably. 
Many of the performances of the lower animals, if 
