48 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
practically harmful— often the reverse—and nearly 
always begets sympathy and modesty. 
Psychology has passed through great changes during 
even the last decade. Now almost every college in 
America of much importance has its Chair of Psy- 
chology, and many colleges are provided with psycho- 
physical laboratories. In America alone there are two 
periodicals devoted to this subject, and at last peda- 
gogical institutions are attempting to found the training 
for teachers on the laws of the mind, z.e. on psychology. 
In fact no recent educational movement has been more 
widespread in its influence, or more rapid in its develop- 
ment, than the modern psychology. 
The scope and methods of the science have also 
changed. While none the less introspective, it has be- 
come more objective. The allied science of physiology 
owes something to psychologists, notably in the direc- 
tion of a more complete and accurate study of the senses, 
and keen criticism of positions assumed by physiologists 
in regard to the central nervous system. 
The psychologists have borrowed freely from the realm 
of mental and nervous disease, all of which marks a 
new departure from which not only psychology, but 
physiology and practical and scientific medicine, must 
benefit. 
It is usually a hopeful sign when methods of exact 
estimation begin to be applied to any science. There has 
been much diversity of opinion as to the extent to which 
this can be or has been successfully done in psychology. 
In the opinion of one of the most accomplished workers 
in this department of the science, who occupied the Pre- 
sidental Chair at the last meeting of the American 
Psychological Association, there can be no doubt about 
the value of such methods and their application. He 
says: “I venture to maintain that the introduction of 
experiment and measurement into psychology has added, 
