SQUIRRELS 53 
the subject of this paper, because so little seems to have 
been written on the subject ; because these animals are 
open to the observation of every one; and chiefly 
because I have been able to give special attention to 
them myself. Their habits will be considered 
principally, but not exclusively, from the psychological 
standpoint, and I shall apply the comparative method, 
making such references to the habits and intelligence 
of other rodents as seem to throw light on those of the 
squirrel. While some attention has been paid to other 
species of squirrels, my studies have been chiefly on the 
Ground Squirrel (Zamias Lysteri) and the Red Squirrel 
(Seiwrus Hudsonius). 
These species, in many respects, form a contrast to 
each other. The Chipmunk, Chipping Squirrel, or 
Hackee, has his abode underground in a specially 
constructed burrow; the Red Squirrel, or Chickaree, 
lives in nests in trees, and the intelligence of the 
latter seems to be altogether of a much higher order 
than in the Ground Squirrel. This was abundantly 
illustrated in my experiments with an ordinary wire 
rat-trap having a spring door. The trap was scarcely 
laid down near the haunts of the Chipmunk before one 
entered it, in fact before my eyes, and there was never 
any difficulty in securing as many as were wanted. 
On several occasions, when one had escaped in the room, 
on placing a small apple in the cage, the creature 
re-entered it almost at once. 
Very different was it with the Red Squirrels; at first 
they entered the trap, but not afterwards. They 
approached it, sometimes two or three together, ran 
round it on the upper rail of the fence on which it was 
placed, or sat on the top of it—in short, did everything 
but enter it; all the while seeming to enjoy the whole 
greatly. 
Having secured a couple of Ground Squirrels in the 
