SQUIRRELS 73 
that there is much that is common in the psychic life 
of human beings and that of the lower animals. It 
places the study of their habits and intelligence on a 
higher plane, and furnishes new motives for extending 
our enquiries and attempting to give unity to our 
conception of nature in this as in other domains. 
Most remarkable evidence of high intellectual 
capacity has been furnished by the conduct of elephants 
under surgical operations, as instanced by Romanes in 
his “Animal Intelligence ;” and Principal M‘Eachran 
has assured me that both dogs and horses have shown 
a similar intelligence by coming, of their own accord, 
to his veterinary hospital to have injuries treated, after 
having been there and experienced the benefit therefrom. 
Dr G. P. Girdwood, a few days ago, gave me an account 
of what appeared to be a similar manifestation in a 
Chickaree but recently caught, though in this case so 
much, perhaps, cannot be claimed. This Chickaree 
submitted, soon after being caged, to having parasites 
removed from the skin, voluntarily remaining quiet 
during the act. 
With regard to the psychological rank of the various 
species of squirrels, both from what I have been able to 
learn from the writings of others, and from my own 
observations, the Chickaree must be placed, I conclude, 
at or very near the top of the list. The Chipmunk and 
the Flying Squirrel seem to be, as already said, about 
equal in intelligence, and both much below the Red 
Squirrel, owing, perhaps, to the underground life of the 
one and the nocturnal habits of the other, possibly also 
to annual hibernation. 
The wide geographical range of the Chickaree, as 
referred to by Dr Bell in the Appendix, of itself 
indicates great power to adapt itself to circumstances 
requiring intelligence, and it has been shown abun- 
dantly in this paper how the Red Squirrel can ac- 
