84 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
poor coat, and with a general low vital capital, lasting 
for some weeks. 
(3) A period of improving condition, with good health 
and a desire to get free, which latter was also noticeable 
in the preceding period. 
(4) A period of maximum weight and vigour, with 
perfect coat and an abundance of fatty tissue. 
But little need be said about any of these life-periods 
except the first. During the second the emaciation in- 
creased rapidly at first on waking, and was equally 
marked by voracious feeding. The meaning of this will 
be referred to later. It is plain that the organism 
entered on its long period of diminished vitality with a 
large stock of reserve material, and it is equally clear 
that this was drawn upon to the full. 
I now turn to the peculiarities of the sleeping or 
torpid condition. I have characterised the first period 
as one of drowsiness, or sleep, or torpor, because there 
are sub-divisions of the first period during which the 
animal was found in a condition that was characterised 
by drowsiness and no more; again it was plainly only 
sleeping, while again it was as profoundly torpid as it 
ever became. The period of most profound sleep was 
never reached all of a sudden, but was preceded by the 
two states referred to above. Moreover, as the depth of 
winter approached the sleep became more profound, 
and the reverse with the approach of spring, so that we 
might represent the depth of the sleep by a rising 
followed by a falling curve with a rather long, flattened 
top. During the whole of the first period the animal 
nestled in the straw, with which he was always provided, 
and when he was most profoundly unconscious but 
little of him could be seen, often so completely was he 
covered. 
Another important matter: The amount of food con- 
sumed was directly proportional to the depth of his 
