THE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG ANIMALS 117 
with the nervous system, will be less fully treated than 
the psychical development. 
Diary. 
The following record concerns a litter of pure-bred St 
Bernard puppies, whelped in my kennel in the spring of 
1894. Both sire and dam were of excellent breeding, 
and the pedigree, for many generations, was known. 
The dam had a gestation period of about sixty-one days, 
so that the puppies may be considered to have been 
born at full time, and they were certainly very strong 
and active. They were of unusually even size, and with 
little apparent difference as to vigour, etc. There were 
seven of the male and six of the female sex, all of 
which were not preserved; for some time, however, 
there were nine, and to the end of the sixth week 
seven ; after that six. 
The dam whelped in a separate compartment of the 
kennel where she was all alone and free from dis- 
turbance. The arrangement to meet the comfort of the 
dam and her offspring, which I will term the pen, was 
as follows: On a floor, slightly raised above that of the 
kennel, some clean, dry straw was littered, the whole 
being surrounded by a board enclosure to the height of 
about 1 foot. This pen measured about 3 by 3 feet. 
Care was taken to change the straw on the floor, while 
the whole kennel was well lighted, comfortably warmed, 
and properly aired. Thedam was given the best of care 
in all respects, never had an unfavourable symptom 
during or after whelping, and was always able to furnish 
her offspring with abundance of good milk. For many 
reasons these details are of importance, and it is 
necessary to state them in order that the record may be 
properly appreciated. Nearly all the observations for 
some weeks were made on the puppies in their birth- 
