118 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
place, as it was found that removal therefrom caused so 
much disturbance that observations were impossible or 
valueless except to illustrate this very point, important 
in itself. 
I have limited this diary to the first sixty days of 
life, as nearly all the most important phases of develop- 
ment show themselves within this period. 
1st day.—Almost as soon as born and freed from the 
investing placental parts by the dam, the puppies er 
out, though more loudly a little later, crawl slowly 
but vigorously enough towards the teats of the dam, 
and at once, in most cases, begin to suck. It is noticed, 
however, that other parts are sometimes sucked as well 
as the teats. They huddle together and get between 
the legs of the dam, and where the hair is longest, or 
where, for any reason, there is most warmth, when not 
actually nursing. 
Their movements are very slow. Their eyelids are 
still not grown apart nor their ears grown open. 
Two of them weighed at the end of about twenty-four 
hours 1 lb. 2 oz. and 1 lb. 6 oz. respectively. 
They were not examined as to reflexes other than 
sucking, reaction to temperature, etc. 
I made, on the first day, the following experiment : 
Placing a puppy on a surface above the floor, it was 
found that, when it reached the edge, it became very 
uneasy, spread its claws, grasped, etc., to avoid falling off. 
On this and later days they cry apparently from cold 
or hunger, or when removed from the usual environ- 
ment. 
4th day.—The last experiment is repeated under 
slightly varying conditions. A tortoise placed under 
the same conditions walked or tumbled off. On this 
day one puppy was conveyed to my laboratory, wrapped 
up warmly in a blanket, without a cry or other sign of 
discomfort, this journey occupying about half an hour. 
