146 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
The extract from the diary of another litter of St 
Bernards (their half brothers and sisters) is introduced 
for comparison chiefly; that of the Bedlington terriers 
for this reason, and in addition because it supplements 
the chief diary, and in some respects makes good 
omissions in investigations in the early days. 
Remarks on the Diary, ete. 
As the litter of puppies on which these remarks are 
chiefly based was a very healthy, active, and especially 
even one, there being no weaklings, and none very 
much in advance physically or otherwise, the notes 
are of the more value as representing observations in 
perfectly normal specimens of pure-bred dogs. 
The facts most striking in the first few days of life 
are the frequent desire to suck, the perfect ability to 
reach the teats of the dam just after birth, the misery 
evident under cold or hunger, and the fact that the 
greater part of existence is spent in the sleeping state. 
The latter is so well known that I have not thought 
it necessary to make special notes upon the subject, 
but it, of course, gradually gives way to a form of exist- 
ence in which sleep has a less and less prominent share. 
There are many reasons why so much time is spent 
in sleep, and why sleep is so readily induced, to some 
of which reference has been made in the diary, and to 
which I shall refer again. 
All parts of an animal’s body, owing to nervous or 
simply protoplasmic connections merely, are in relation 
to each other, and this must constantly be borne in mind 
if we would understand psychic as well as physical 
(somatic) phenomena. The nervous centres, however, 
constitute a sort of head office, or series of offices, where 
the various changes of the body are reported, correlated, 
etc., in all higher animals. In the youngest, though 
