158 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
movements, voice, etc., and the reader is referred to the 
diary for evidences of a development of these charac- 
teristics of his nature, especially as regards man, a 
development which is so rapid, after the 30th to 
40th day, that the puppy, in a few weeks, has become, 
in this respect, very like a mature dog. 
FricHt.— The diary contains references to this 
subject on the 26th, 33rd, 37th, 39th, etc., days. After 
hearing is established, fright is easily caused through 
that sense, and apparently much more readily than 
through vision at a very early period. At this time 
also concussions, as such, are potent in producing fear. 
I regret that the influence of concussions was not 
more fully tested during the blind period. I find 
that the Bedlington terriers were thus alarmed on the 
9th day. 
Though the phenomena witnessed, when a puppy a 
day old is in danger of shipping off a surface of support, 
suggest alarm on its part, I question whether the puppy 
is possessed of enough consciousness, so to speak, to 
experience true fright. 
VorcE.—Puppies may, and usually do, cry (in a 
manner scarcely to be distinguished from a kitten, 
so that mature dogs hearing it, bark, thinking cats are 
about) almost as soon as born. Gradually this voice 
is changed to that which is characteristic of the dog. 
Before barking in any form, growling in sleep, then in 
play, has been observed. They were heard to bark in 
sleep before doing so when awake. Such use of the 
voice is reflex or similar to reflex action. 
The diary contains the earliest observed use of the 
voice in various ways with the circumstances stated, 
and, among others, I call attention to the records for 
the 23rd, 27th, 35th, 42nd, and 59th days. 
It will be noticed again that there is no proper use of 
the voice beyond crying during the blind period, and 
