204 ' ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
Similar remarks may be made as. regards the 
behaviour of the kitten towards the sand pan. This 
little history illustrates, it seems to me, some of the 
fundamental laws of all training and education, whether 
applied to the human being or the lower animals.* 
The case is simpler as regards the latter, but not 
wholly different, and observations of the kind made in 
this case impress me more than ever with the import- 
ance of attempting to give the fullest possible record of 
every feature in the psychic development and the 
physical development of those animals by which we are 
surrounded. 
The history of the kitten’s whole bearing towards 
the book-shelves has been to me a most instructive 
one. I have never witnessed such perseverance in 
the accomplishment of an object in any young animal 
sound of watchman’s rattle and ‘penny squeakers.’ It was a reductio 
ad absurdum. 
‘*In 1872 and 1873 I reared two small broods of chicks by the aid of 
a large tom-cat, Pedro, who acted as foster-parent, and in whose fur 
they nestled when cold, and slept at night. When half-grown, or 
less, they would run towards any cat, and were attracted by the voice 
even if they did not see the animal, and would have been killed but 
for the watchful aid of Pedro; yet, they avoided all my hens, and took 
refuge hastily with Pedro if a ‘elucking’ or broody hen called them, 
or a cock crowed near them !” 
* Mr T. Mann Jones writes me as follows: ‘‘I was greatly pleased 
to see you had noted the rise of the habit of cleanliness in the 
kitten. I have given considerable attention to this in children, dogs, 
and cats. I have been often surprised that no naturalist whose works 
I have read had given the subject the attention it probably deserves. 
From personal observation, and such information as I could get from 
mothers and nurses, I have come to the provisional conclusion that 
early self-control as to the sphincters, whether in man or animal, is a 
pretty fair indication that the adult will possess more than average 
self-control. What a difference in setting up ‘cleanly’ habits 
corresponds with in later life of self-indulgence and ready acceptance 
of every suggestion to mere instinctive action, 7.e. we have a weak- 
nerved animal more or less, though often a very obstinate one. 
““May I suggest a probably fresh field of observation in animal 
psychology connected with this? The efforts of the long-haired dogs 
to avoid uncleanliness when suffering from diarrhea. Punch avails 
himself of a wire fence, using the second wire as a skirt holder, by 
carefully adjusting his long fur on it, and the lower wire as a seat! 
» - » The plan answered, Great gratification followed.” 
