THE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG ANIMALS 207 
It seemed to me desirable for many reasons that the 
mongrel should also be studied, accordingly this paper 
will be devoted to that purpose, and to a comparison 
between the mongrel and the pure-bred dog, in a 
manner to harmonise with my general plan of treat- 
ment of the subject of psychogenesis in the lower 
animals. 
Diary, 
The puppies under observation belonged to a litter 
of nine, of which seven were preserved. The dam was a 
strong, healthy black animal, and the sire was unknown. 
The dam and puppies were kept under similar con- 
ditions to those described in my first paper on the Dog, 
2,e. in a pen on the floor of a separate compartment of 
the kennel, on which at first there was abundance of 
good straw, and at a later date sawdust. The puppies 
were born in December, and artificial heat was 
maintained in the kennel constantly, so that the 
animals were always comfortable. The dam was well 
fed, and otherwise properly cared for throughout, and 
from beginning to end was perfectly well, and able to 
nurse her puppies in an entirely satisfactory manner. 
1st day.—Vigour of puppies shown by a strong voice, 
somewhat between a growl and a bark. 
They respond to a prick or punch and to a hot body, 
but not so quickly. Oil of wormseed placed near the 
nose causes a sniffing; pure carbolic acid causes the 
face to be distorted ; blistering fluid leads to protrusion 
of the tongue; and tincture of iodine to sniffing. 
When soup is similarly placed before the nose there 
is no evidence of smell. 
Solutions of salt and of sugar, also cow’s milk, are 
presented at different times. Certain conclusions 
cannot be drawn. The brush on which the solution 
of sugar is presented, is sucked vigorously, however. 
The puppies will not crawl off a table, ete, 
