THE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG ANIMALS 215 
Although this is not specially noted in the diary, the 
mongrel did not show fatigue quite as soon as the pure- 
bred dog. 
The eyes began to open earlier than in either the St 
Bernard or the Bedlington. I could not get certain 
evidence of smell in the case of the St Bernard 
before the 12th or 13th day, but in the mongrel there 
is some evidence of smell on the 10th day, at latest. 
The Bedlington smelt meat on the 10th day. I am 
not prepared to state that dogs do not smell at all before 
the 10th day, or even the 5th day, for which there was 
some evidence, or even on the first day, but I am of 
opinion that before, at least a few days after birth, 
smell is so feebly developed, if at all, that one could not 
demonstrate its existence to an unbiassed observer. I 
refer now, not to the effect of irritating volatile liquids, 
but to the ability to smell food. 
The mongrel showed signs of disgust with aloes, and 
a positive liking for sugar, as early as the 2nd day. I 
could not establish this for the pure-bred dogs for some 
days later. 
It is noteworthy that, on the 3rd day, the mongrel 
sucks one’s finger more readily than a piece of meat. 
Though dogs are carnivorous animals before a certain 
period in their development, they are no more excited 
by meat than any object whatever, showing, in the 
clearest way, that there is an order in psychic as in 
physical development. 
Owing to absence from home when the mongrels 
were passing from the 11th to 18th day, I am unable to 
make any accurate comparison in this case as to the 
beginnings of vision and hearing. 
In both the mongrel and the pure-bred dogs, the 
winking reflex is very slowly developed, and long 
remains feeble, z.e. is excited with difficulty. 
Certain considerations must be borne in mind in 
