220 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
nature of mongrels, as compared with pure-bred 
dogs. 
The characteristic physical features of the adult 
certainly appear in mongrels sooner than in all the 
larger breeds of dogs; in other words, they mature 
sooner than these breeds, both physically and psychically, 
though not in all cases more rapidly than the smaller 
breeds of terriers. While all pure-bred dogs must 
have a definite rate of development, according to the 
breed, it must be plain that mongrels will vary much 
more individually according to the nature of the 
ancestors which have contributed to their highly com- 
posite origin in many instances. In the very nature of 
the case, the pure-bred dog is an inbred animal, while 
the mongrel is generally the very reverse. He, in fact, 
approaches far more closely to the wild Canide in this 
respect. 
From this it would be expected that the physical 
changes would be of a kind that would appeal to the 
eye much less—would be, in fact, less readily referred 
to any type or pattern; and in no small degree is this 
true of his psychic characteristics, though these things 
are much more readily observed than made clear by 
any records.* 
* ITappend Mr T. Mann Jones’ remarks, which grew out of a dis- 
cussion of the question of latent or undeveloped power in both human 
beings and animals, though they will suggest much beyond that, 
while they constitute one of the most interesting animal histories 
with which the author is acquainted: ‘‘This latent power is 
apparently called forth in some dogs to a great extent by slight 
stimulation. My grandfather selected pups of different breeds, among 
others Newfoundlands, mastiffs, and bloodhounds, as he distrusted 
the ordinary view of ‘instinct’ as the cause why certain breeds 
would attend to sheep, or were sheep-dogs, and he found in each race 
individuals who made as intelligent sheep-dogs as those who ‘ were to 
the manner born.’ When I had my opportunity I made observations, 
and I sought information from farmers and shepherds. They say : 
‘Any dog of any breed which is powerful enough bodily, makes a 
good sheep-dog if he will try to be one.’ ‘Special instinct’ appears 
here to be an unnecessary cause. To exemplify by an individual. In 
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