oe ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
point out, are born blind and deaf, but the eyes of the 
cat open sooner than those of the dog, and hearing is 
also acquired somewhat earlier, but in both the pro- 
cesses of learning to see and to hear are gradual ones. 
The pupillary reflex is established sooner in the cat. 
So early as the 9th day the kitten studied and 
previously reported on turned its ears towards the 
direction of a sound. 
There is this difference, too, in the movement of the 
ears: the kitten, when reacting to a sound, turns the 
ears or ear reflexly to the side rather, while the dog 
tends to draw them back. 
I have observed nothing in the young dog that 
corresponds to the quivering movements of the ears in 
the kitten, seen as early as the 9th day, and which 
possibly are imperfectly executed voluntary move- 
ments, like the trembling of the hand in old people. 
There is nothing in the dog that corresponds exactly 
to the hiss, or when feebler, the opening of the mouth 
in the kitten when surprised. So far as I know, this is 
sui generis among our domestic mammals, though there 
are analogies perhaps in birds, as in the hissing of 
geese or ducks, and the snapping of the beak in pigeons, 
even when very young, to which abundant reference 
has been made in my corresponding paper on birds. 
So early as the 3rd day the young cat gives evidence 
of the possession of genuine smell, as shown in its 
behaviour towards a dog placed near it. At the same 
time, the sense of the smell is very feeble. Upon the 
whole, it would seem that taste and smell are both 
present rather sooner in the cat than in the dog, and 
in both the beginning is feeble, but they go on to 
fairly rapid development. However, I have not 
changed my opinion, as expressed in my first paper on 
the dog, that the dog, and I will now add the cat, find 
the nipple of the mother by touch rather than by smell, 
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