THE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG ANIMALS 223 
and that they are drawn towards the belly of the 
mother by the warmth of the part. 
In both the dog and the cat there is a long latent 
period in the case of reflex movements from a pinch, 
etc., as compared with such an animal as the rabbit, 
though there can be no doubt that the tactile sensibility, 
the capability of feeling pain, and the temperature 
sense, as well as feeble motor power, hardly worthy the 
designation (voluntary), exist in the dog and the cat at 
birth. 
I am not prepared either to affirm or deny that taste 
and smell are present at birth, but if they do exist, I 
am quite sure they are of the feeblest, of very little use 
to the animal, and play but a very subordinate part in 
its life during the blind period. 
The kitten is at first, if not always, more sensitive to 
a touch, has finer tactile sensibility about the mouth 
than the puppy. 
There are the same individual differences as to the 
exact date of the opening of the eyes, the eruption of 
the teeth, etc., in the kitten as in the puppy. 
The dog and the cat resemble each other in the 
slowness with which they acquire power over the hind 
limbs. 
Neither the puppy nor the kitten have any appreciable 
voluntary control over the tail during the blind period, 
but the dog finally uses the tail much more than the cat 
in the expression of his emotions. What the dog does 
with his tail the cat often expresses by purring, which, 
as I have shown in the paper on the cat, is developed 
somewhat late—much later than the friendly wagging 
of the tail in the dog; and as will be seen by a com- 
parison of the notes (diaries) on the dog and on the cat, 
while there are definite stages in tail carriage for each, 
these are different altogether for the two animals, and 
herein we notice a far greater difference than in loco- 
