THE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG ANIMALS 229 
favour of the cat. I doubt if the dog does at any period 
of his life possess this persistence to the same extent 
as the cat, and, as in many human beings, this character- 
istic is associated with unusual physical stamina. The 
cat’s power to live, in spite of its unfavourable sur- 
roundings, and her power to resist disease and recover 
from injury, are undoubtedly greater than in the dog. 
The cat is notoriously an independent creature, and 
in common estimation devoid, or nearly so, of docility ; 
but this very independence and readiness to resent 
tends, as I have before explained, to cause the cat to be 
misunderstood. I have, with set purpose, given in great 
detail my kitten’s history, with reference to education 
in cleanliness, and growing out of this subject alone, a 
long, and I venture to think, valuable paper might be 
written on the subject of the education of animals and 
human beings. 
It will be observed that the kitten’s instincts were 
met by placing a sand-pan directly in its path from a 
box in which it slept to the book-shelves, which it was 
determined to visit. 
From the first moment that its foot was placed in the 
sand, I noticed that a powerful appeal had been made 
to the creature’s psychic nature,—a new experience 
engendered a new psychic life,—awakened dormant 
emotions, tendencies, etc., and these were fundamental. 
To my mind, this is at the very root of all sound 
education. 
At times, it is true,a little gentle restraint had to 
be used to prevent the chain of psychic connections 
forged by these experiences from being broken. But 
how different the result in this case from that which 
followed opposition to the kitten’s going among the 
book-shelves. The latter was an instructive thing, the 
expression of the feline nature to seek retirement in 
the day-time, and so strong was it, and so supported by 
