254 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 
what extent they resemble and differ in their psychic 
and physical development. 
The resemblances are more readily apparent from 
the perusal of records than the differences, as many 
of the latter are of a kind readily enough recognised 
by an experienced observer, but not easily repre- 
sented by verbal descriptions. 
Special pains were taken to ascertain whether the 
sense of support, as I have called the quality, is present 
in birds as in mammals. 
From the records it will be seen that it is well 
marked. 
The young bird, placed on a perch, feels about, as 
it were, with its beak for some solid object, and not 
finding it, remains where it is, but if it touches anything 
resisting, it begins to move towards it. 
The lower an animal in the scale, the more difficult 
it seems to be to establish the presence or absence 
of taste and smell at an early period, if I may judge 
from those of our domestic animals examined by me. 
I am unable to speak with certainty as to whether 
pigeons within the first two or three days possess 
these senses or not, but that later they do, I have 
abundant evidence. 
Tactile sensibility, and the ability to feel pain, are 
present just after hatching, as my records show that 
even a breath of air gently blown on the young 
pigeon causes it to move. 
Additional evidence is furnished by the fact that a 
gentle stroking tends to quiet the bird. 
They are highly sensitive to warmth and cold. One 
can quiet the most disturbed and pugnacious young 
one by gently holding the warm hand, a warm cloth, 
etc., over it. 
A single cold day is lable to kill young pigeons if 
their parents do not sit over them constantly, and some- 
