THE PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG ANIMALS 271 
as hissing, which manifests itself at a surprisingly early 
date in the kitten, long before the eyes open. 
As pointed out in my paper on the cat, there is a 
general and more speedy development in this animal, 
as compared with the dog, and this holds even for 
reflexes, z.e. they reach perfection more rapidly—in fact, 
speaking generally, the cat develops faster than even 
the smaller varieties of dogs, as terriers. 
By the 16th day the kitten, specially observed by 
me, licked its paw. This, under the circumstances, can 
scarcely be regarded as a pure reflex ; certainly, dogs 
do nothing comparable to this at so early a date. It 
also scratched its head with the hind leg on the 16th 
day. Whether this be regarded as voluntary or reflex, 
it indicates that the cat is in advance of the dog. 
Nothing could better demonstrate the more rapid 
psychic development of the cat than the earlier date 
at which it steadily follows a moving object with the 
eyes, or fixes them for some time on a stationary one. 
In fact, the kitten does this at a time when it is still 
doubtful if the puppy sees objects, as such, distinctly. 
On the 18th day the kitten climbed up the side of 
its box and tried to get out. Nothing comparable to 
this occurs in the puppy till a good deal later. It may 
be said that the history of the cat during the first six 
weeks of its life contrasts strongly with that of the dog, 
as regards the more rapid development of reflex move- 
ments, the earlier appearance of voluntary movements, 
and the speedier perfection attained by each, together 
with the more ready and complete utilisation of ex- 
perience, the early intelligence, the strength of the will, 
and the power of attention. 
All this is correlated with that earlier development 
of the cerebral cortex which I have shown occurs in 
the cat, and there is probably a greater difference than 
