90 SPOLIA ZEYLANICA. 



(1) Length about 9 ; forehead black ; crown 



and back pale gray. 

 L. schach erythronotus (Rufous-backed 

 Shrike). 



(2) Length about 7 • 5 ; forehead white ; 



crown rufous, and darker than the back. 

 L. cristatus (Brown Shrike). 

 (8) Length 8 ; forehead and front of crown 

 grayish-white ; back of crown grayish- 

 brown, like the back. 

 L. lucionensis (Philippine Shrike). 

 (6) Bill broad and flat, not grea,tly hooked ; size 

 small ; length not quite 5 • 5. 

 (1) Cap of head and back glossy black. 

 Hemipus picatus ^s^ca^ws (Black-backed Pied 

 Shrike). 



B. — Tail square ; wing blunt ; bill strong, the tip well 

 hooked and notched. 



(1) Length about 6*25; upper plumage almost 

 uniform ashy-gray. 

 Tephrodornis pondicerianus (Common Wood 

 Shrike). 



II. — Shaft of rump feathers spiny ; sexes generally markedly 

 dissimilar ; wing pointed. 



A. — Outer tail feathers less than half length of tail ; 

 upper tail coverts fiery red, or bright yellow ; bill 

 strong, legs weak. Grenus Pericrocotus. 



(1) Length 7*75; upper tail coverts red in 



males, yellow in females. 

 P. flammeus (Orange Mini vet). 



(2) Length just under 6 ; upper tail coverts 



red in both sexes. 

 P. peregrinus malaharicus (Small Minivet). 



B. — Outer tail feathers more than three-quarters 

 length of tail ; upper tail coverts some shade 

 of gray. 



