262 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
The Hudson’s Bay Company salt a great quantity. of these fish for 
export. They are simply put into casks or butts when first caught, and 
lightly salted. After remaining two or three days a brine is formed. 
They are washed in this brine, resalted, and packed in tight barrels, 
casks, or kits. For smoking, they are allowed to remain in brine a day 
or two, then strung on slender sticks, which are passed through the eyes, 
and hung in the smoke. When freshly smoked they have a bright 
golden appearance, much like red herrings, and are most delicious eat: 
ing, but they are so excessively fat that they will not keep unless they 
are smoked quite dry. This is a tedious process, and turns the skin a 
dull dusty color. 
There is a second run of Eulachon in Nass River towards the end of 
June, but the quality is inferior, and but little grease is made from them. 
The Eulachon come suddenly in countless myriads into Nass River, 
and after spawning depart as suddenly. They evidently pass the re- 
mainder of the year in the deep water south of the Aleutian Islands, and 
make their appearance almost simultaneously in Cook’s Inlet and Cross 
Sound, Alaska, where they are very abundant, and in Nass River. They 
make their appearance in Fraser’s River a few weeks later, but are not 
as fat or as plentiful as they are farther north. 
As a remedial agent, Eulachon oil is considered by some of the best 
authorities who have tested it as equal to cod-liver oil. Others who 
have tested its effects only among Indians are in doubt of its efficacy. 
But it should be borne in mind that the Indians of the coast, who live 
exclusively on a fish diet, and on the alge and other products of the 
ocean, rich in iodine, bromine, and phosphates, are not so easily affected 
by cod-liver or Eulachon oil as white people who reside in the interior, and 
partake of the usual regimen of civilized life. Hence, some persons who 
have ‘administered Eulachon oil to coast Indians have been surprised at 
- the want of success, and have hastily condemned it as worthless. <A diet 
of new milk, fresh from the cow, would undoubtedly prove as efficacious 
for the coast tribes as cod-liver or Eulachon oil is for white people. 
The following is a copy of a report made by Theophilus Redwood, esq., 
F. R. S., professor of chemistry and pharmacy to the Pharmaceutical 
Society of London, to Messrs. Langley & Co., Victoria, British Colum- 
bia, who kindly furnished it to me for this paper. Professor Redwood 
writes: 
‘“‘Eulachon oil, although differing in its source from cod-liver oil, is 
said to resemble it in its properties, and to have been substituted for it 
as a remedial agent. In examining the oil, therefore, it was considered 
important to determine in what points it resembles and where it differs 
from, cod-liver oil. In taste and smell I cannot indicate any marked dif- 
ference. Its tendency to congeal is much greater than that of cod-liver 
oil. At 50° Fahr. the Eulachon oil has the consistency of soft but- 
ter, and it does not become fluid until heated above 70° Fahr. The 
