DEVELOPMENTS IN TELEPHONY AND TELEGRAPHY JEWETT. 509 



provements in the accuracy and speed of submarine cable telegraphy ; 

 very great extensions in the use of loading and phantoming on tele- 

 phone circuits, both open wire and cable, and particularly in the 

 combination of loading and phantoming; the development of suc- 

 cessful telephone amplifiers; and in general the reduction of ap- 

 paratus manufacture to a more uniform and economical basis. In 

 the field of radio communication the developments have been in 

 the production of better telegraph apparatus; in increased range 

 and reliability of radiotelegraphy, and recently in the successful ex- 

 periments which have been made in long-distance radiotelephony. 

 Of major importance in this field has been the establishment, be- 

 yond question, of the p)racticability of directly connecting long dis- 

 ta.nce wire telephone and telegraph lines with systems of radio- 

 transmission. 



With the developments already accomplished and with the other 

 developments now in .progress, it is possible to predict with some- 

 thing of assurance the probable trend of the various services during 

 the next few years. The exact fields of telephony and telegraphy of 

 ware and radio communication are becoming more clearly defined, 

 and it is evident that the whole art of intelligence transmission 

 electrically will develop Avith the various services acting coopera- 

 tively rather than competitively. Telegraphy is essentially not a 

 competitor of telephony in the service it is fitted to render mankind, 

 and the physical limitations imposed on radio communication show 

 that while it has a distinct and valuable place in the art which will 

 be vigorously developed, that place does not involve any active com- 

 petition with w^ire telegraphy or telephony. 



