230 HISTORY OE THE PROTECTORATE TERRITORIES 



company was mainly organised by the late Sir William Mackinnon, the 

 chairman of the British India Steamship Navigation Company. As a 

 matter of fact, had Sir AVilliam ]Mackinnon possessed greater faith in 

 East Africa and moved a little sooner in the right direction, we should 

 have secured the whole of Kilimanjaro, besides the territories which we 

 now possess at the base of that mountain. But Sir William was cautious, 

 and disinclined to embark his cajntal in East African adventures without 

 something in the shape of a Government guarantee. Once the company 

 had been started, however. Sir William became keenly interested in the 

 plan for relieving p]min Pasha, no doubt with the ulterior object — not 

 after all a discreditable one — of extending the dominion of his chartered 

 company to the territories which p]min felt obliged to evacuate. 



But there were already many international jealousies regarding the 

 allotment of East Africa. The 1890 agreement between Great Britain and 

 Germany seemed at that time an impossibility, and (rermany viewed with con- 

 siderable jealousy any transference of the Egyptian Sudan or Uganda to the 

 British sphere of inHuence. Moreover, the murder of iJishop Hannington 

 had made a deep impression, and the ]iower of I'ganda was thought to be 

 too strong for the best-organised military expedition of that period to 

 face with any chance of success. Consequently, as Stanley wished to 

 reach Equatoria without travelling through Uganda or through German 

 East Africa, he felt obliged to take the Congo route. That he succeeded 

 in his purpose is now a matter of history, though it was at the cost 

 of privations, miseries, deaths, delays, and disa])pointments which would 

 probably all have been avoided but for the refusal of the Germans to 

 allow him to proceed tlirough (ierman East Africa, or the exaggerated 

 estimate of the ditticulties which would have been met with by following 

 Joseph Thomson's route from ?>Iombasa past Mount Elgon to the Nile. 

 Stanley brought away Emin Pasha, discovered Kuwenzori and Lake 

 Albert Edward, and in a measure increased the British claims to consider 

 these territories to lie within a British sphere of influence. 



Towards the close of 1889 the detestation of tlie .Muhammadans felt 

 by the peasants of Uganda, and the growing influence of the Christians, 

 decided ^Nlwanga to make an effort to regain his throne. This effort, with 

 the help of Mr. Stokes,* an English merchant, was eventually successful. 



■'^ As a matter of fact, Stokes was a native of the North of Ireland, a Protestant 

 who came out as one of the lay members of the Church Missionary Society. His 

 English wife died after the birth of a child. Some time afterwards Stokes contracted 

 a marriage with the daughter of an Unyamwezi chief. He had by this time left the 

 service of the Church ^lissionary Society, and had set himself up as an organiser of 

 missionary trans}>ort and a trader. He was commissioned by Sir John Kirk to engage 

 the head-men and porters of my expedition to Kilimanjaro, and very well he acquitted 

 himself of the task. He was an impulsive man, however, and somewhat quarrelsome. I 



