HISTORY OP THE PROTECTORATE TERRITORIES 231 



Mwanga, as a Eoman Catholic, was reinstated on the throne of Uganda. 

 The missionaries, Anglican and Roman, returned to take up their abode 

 in the country, and all the Christian fugitives flocked to their homes, to 

 find Christianity officially established as the religion of tlie state, and 

 many of the defeated ]Muhammadans taking refuge with Kabarega, king 

 of Unyoro. 



Other events not directly connected with Uganda had been taking place 

 in Nyasaland and on J^ake Tanganyika, and it was felt that the time had 

 come for England and Germany to arrive at a friendly understanding 

 regarding the complete delimitation of their respective spheres in East 

 Africa. The result was the Anglo-German Convention of June, 1890 — an 

 absolutely satisfactory arrangement. By this Anglo-German Convention, 

 Uganda and all the regions bordering on the Victoria Xyanza north of the 

 first degree of south latitude fell to the British sphere of influence. 



Since 1888, when a partial delimitation of the British and German 

 spheres had been effected on the Zanzibar coast, and thence inland to the 

 Victoria Nyanza, the Imperial British East Africa Company had commenced 

 the work of administration of the coast territories, a portion of which it 

 governed in the name of the Sultan of Zanzibar. Soon after the establish- 

 ment of an administration on the coast, the company despatched, amongst 

 other expeditions, one under ]Mr. V. J. Jackson, who was accompanied by 

 Mr. Ernest Gedge, to make treaties with the chiefs of the far interior up 

 to the Victoria Nyanza. ^Ir. Jackson passed through Kavirondo, and arrived 

 in Uganda shortly after ^Iwanga's return, at a moment when the growing 



believe be conceived himself to have been rather snubbed, or not sufficiently appre- 

 ciated, by the British authorities at Zanzibar. Therefore, Avhen the Germans began to 

 take a hand in the scramble for East Africa, Stokes rather placed himself at their 

 disposal, and assisted them a good deal in their negotiations with the Wanyamwezi 

 chiefs, so that at one time he occupied a quasi official position in the German sphere 

 as a German agent. He kept aloof latterly from politics, and was ready to serve 

 Germans or English, one native chief against another, for fair payment. He gained an 

 extraordinary influence over the natives, who were devoted to him. This being the 

 case, he was able to raise porters for long expeditions as no other European could have 

 done at that time. After the British Protectorate was declared over Uganda, Stokes 

 turned his attention to trade with the Arabs and Manyema, who were established on 

 the Congo Free State border. It was believed by Captain Lothaire, a Belgian officer, 

 that Stokes was assisting the Arab and Manyema enemies of the Congo Free State 

 with munitions of war. As a matter of fact, I believe (though Stokes was not over- 

 scrupulous in such matters) there was not the slightest truth in the story that he had 

 done so. He simply^ went to the verge of the Congo Forest to jjurchase ivory from the 

 Arabs and Manyema for ordinary trade goods, and also for bills on Zanzibar. He was 

 summoned by Captain Lothaire to his cani]i, and came without the least susjiicion that 

 foul play was intended. He was suddenly informed in the middle of the niglit that 

 sentence of death had been passed on him by a court-martial, and he was hanged early 

 the next morning — a cold-hlooded and wholly indefensible murder. 



