Studies on Tipulidae II. 201 
The species resemble Gonomyiae in the constant (or nearly con- 
stant?) absence of the marginal erossvein, but they are very like 
some Gnophomwyiae in their darker coloring. They seem to differ 
from both in the structure of the male forceps. I have already al- 
luded to these affinities in the Monographs etc. Vol. III, Additions 
and Corrections, and Loew has referred to them in the Beschr. Eur. 
Dipt. Vol. III, p. 62. The groups of Gonomyia may be defined as 
follows: 
1. The european @. tenella and the north-american species @. 
sulphurella and cognatella, are typical Gonomyiae. They have a 
short auxiliary vein, are distinguished by sulphur-yellow shades in 
their coloring, and have the male forceps of a peculiar, complicated 
structure. Loew (Beschr. Eur. Dipt. III, p. 58) describes a @. ab- 
breviata from Germany, which he refers to the same group. 
2. @. schistacea Schummel, laeta Loew, and lurida Lw. (l. ce. 
III, p. 60—62), european species, have a much longer praefurca, be- 
ginning at an acute angle before the middle of the wing; the tip of 
the auxiliary vein is far beyond the origin of the praefurca; the an- 
terior branch of the second vein is almost perpendicular or very 
little oblique; the forceps has a simple structure of an elongate 
basal piece, with a double faleiform appendage (somewhat like Monogr. 
etc. IV, Tab. 4, f. 24). In other respects these species seem to be 
related to those of the preceding group. The North American @. 
subeinerea seems t0 hold the middle between the two groups. 
I refer to G. schistacea some specimens which I took near 
Heidelberg (May 22, 1582) daneing up and down in a swarm not 
very high above the ground. Mr. Westhoff found this species in the 
same month „running on the wet sand on the banks of the river 
Ems” (Westhoff, Ueb. d. Bau des Hypopygiums etc. p. 55). — Spe- 
eimens which I took in the Pyrenees in July I refer to @. laeta. 
Loew says of this species: empodia very small; I cannot perceive 
any empodia at all im my two specimens, while I see them distinctly 
in @. schistacea. 
3. @. sexguttata Dale (pulehripennis Loew), jucunda Lw., and 
connexa Lw. and, to all appearances, the North-American G. blanda 
0.S. form a separate group characterized as follows: the tip of the 
auxiliary vein considerably beyond the origin of the praefurca; sub- 
costal crossvein opposite the origin of the praefurca and some 
distance from the tip of the auxiliary vein; great crossvein inserted 
before the discal cell, and hence the second basal cell shorter than 
the first; marginal cell broad at the proximal end, because the prae- 
furea is not at an acute angle at its origin, but, on the contrary, 
