14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 



of the address containing suggestions for new sources of 

 income be referred to the Committee on Ways and Means 

 appointed at the last meeting, and that the other suggestions 

 of said address be referred to the Council. 



Mr. W. F. W. Creelman, B.A., read a paper on " The 

 Relations between Physiology and Psychology," of which 

 the following is an abstract : — 



The object of this paper is not the inculcation of any new theory, 

 or of any definite theory, with regard to the i-elation that might be 

 supposed to exist between what are ordinai-ily called Mind and Body, 

 but i-ather a brief explanation of the course Philosophy has taken of 

 late in the investigation of that relation, or of the general question 

 as to whether any such relation in reality exists. 



The question, from the point of view from which it is here con- 

 sidei'ed, may be said to have recently arisen. Its importance was 

 indeed recognized by the astute and polymathic Aristotle; but his 

 investigations wei-e crude, and neither they nor those of the thinkers 

 and investigators of many succeeding centuries throw any light 

 upon the problem as it is now understood in England, Scotland, 

 France, Germany and America. 



The advance in the study of the relation between Mind and Body 

 has been one from abstract to concrete ; from a study of the two sets 

 of faculties (if we may so speak), commonly called mental and phys- 

 ical, as if those two sets of faculties were entirely independent, and 

 should be treated as independent, to a study of them as exhibiting 

 dependent, connected construction, and as throwing light upon one 

 another mutually. 



The four various theories which have been held with regard to 

 the relation between the sciences which deal with the phenomena of 

 Mind and Body respectively are set out in a work on " Mind and 

 Body," by Prof. Alex. Bain, whose whole philosophy may be said to 

 be the elaboration of a fifth po.sition, that " a knowledge of the bodily 

 workings has already improved our knowledge of the mental work- 

 ings, and as the researches are further continued, will do so more 

 and more." 



That there is some mutual co-operation between the two natures — 

 mental and physical — can now be assumed without argument. How 

 intimate is the mutuality found to be 1 



