UMBRIA CAPTA. 235 



By which they were deprived of mutual help. 

 ftinsheap bho stri a dh-fhabradh cuts, etc.: 

 He himself went stealthily from the strife to favour 

 the cause, etc. 

 35. Sehemo atropiisahi. 



Cenoniani aithre bare. 

 The Cenoinani repenting desertion. 

 Cenonumi bhatar a putadli,, 

 The Cenoniani they wei-e pushing. 

 47. Crinca trohatu, gairm yu trei treig, to summon to withdraw. 



crion cath ro bhadar, they were (men) of small tight. 

 i^: Efrar. Tabhair, 



A bheirear that will be given. 

 52. Ehesu — nosne ier ehesu 



ach — an suaipfoir ach. 



But (the Populonans) who refuse to exchange help. 

 ach a so mias bha iad ach a so. 

 But hei-eupon down they weie, but hereupon. 

 63. Simo. Team, to warn. 



Is iomadh. There are many. 

 Table VII. (a) 

 Line 2. Atrof, aoibh er ibh, ye tribes. 

 abraibh, say ye. 

 3. Tiom-plener. daimh-f}dann, blood relations. 

 D'am bheilear, to whom there is. 

 De'm bheilear, of whom there is. 

 Evidence is furnished by their Tables that the Umbrians were for 

 a long time in possession of their alphabet, whether it was borrowed 

 by them from the Romans or not. The process of phonetic decay 

 from which the Gaelic language has suffered so severely that the 

 orthography is no safe guide to the pronunciation of Gaelic words, 

 had already manifested itself. Thus Anderse, Marte, and Martier 

 represent Ancherse, Marche, Marchier. Had the alphabet been a 

 recent acquisition, it would have been employed phonetically. 

 Happily for the philologist, the Umbrian orthography like that of 

 all the Celtic languages, with the exception of Manx, is historical. 



Fortunately the name of the author of the Umbrian inscriptions 

 is given in Tables V. b. and VII. b. He is Herti, King of Umbria, 



