236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE. 



and Suzerain over all the Celtic as well as over many Ligurian tribes 

 from the Rhaetian Alps to the northern border of Umbria, and iVom 

 the confines of Gaul to Istria. His name contains the root of the 

 well-known -word Arthur, and corresponds with Art, the name of 

 more than one king in Irish legendary history. There are even some 

 curious coincidences between the story of his Tables and the history 

 of Art Aonfhir, who is said to have reigned in Ireland in the middle 

 of the second century A. D. (Keating, p. 248.) 



Table VII. b. ends with the words sins a ccc, wiiich may be in- 

 terpreted " the 300th year of the age or era." The question at once 

 suggests itself, " Who can tell when the Umbrian era })egan1" The 

 other Tables mention Marcius Pliili])pus, Valerius Flaccus, L. Porcius 

 Licinus and Hasdrubal, but not as contemporaries: so that our 

 only safe inference must be that the events recorded must have been 

 later than 186 B. C, when Marcus Philippus made his unfortunate 

 campaign in Liguria. (Livy xxxix, 22.) 



The Umbrian Tables are rhetorical in the extreme, and abound in 

 repetitions that are apparently unnecessary and indeed useless. 

 Some valuable fragments of history are to be found in the Tables. 

 The enumeration of tribes and peoples is of great importance to the 

 Ethnologist, e. g. the three divisions of the Tyrrhenians, the five di- 

 visions of the disloyal Perscli, the fourteen tribes of Ij ovine, and the 

 five tribes of the Insubres. 



Liguria, Cisalpine Gaul and Venetia are the three regions with 

 which the Tables deal. There is much difficulty in identifying the 

 names of the places that are mentioned, as well because the informa- 

 tion which can be gathered regarding such places from classical his- 

 torians and geographers is very meagre, as because the Piomans either 

 translated the native Celtic name, or so adapted it that it became 

 significant and euphonious to Latin ears. 



Concordia, Patavium, and Verona in Venetia were Celtic settle- 

 ments, which in the Umbrian Tables were called Andersa, Hebetafe- 

 ben and Purdin. The well-known cities Cremona and Placentia 

 were in Umbrian, Crabove and Fiso-Sansie. Though, with the 

 changeful circumstances of those old Celtic tribes, the names of places 

 must have disappeared, the Italian topogi'apher may find some of the 

 ancient names still lingering in obscure portions of tlie region with 

 which the Tables deal. 



