Case oj Pajoilio Me rope. 143 



to a common point ; and in this manner the tip of the leaf is 

 accurately represented. I do not think that any case of 

 the same modification of a Popilio pupa is on record, as 

 regards the cephalic processes ; but it appears that, in one 

 section of the genus, those processes are reduced to a mere 

 blunt elevation, while the dor so-thoracic prominence is pro- 

 duced to some distance above and beyond the head into an 

 elongated point, — obviously to give the dorsal aspect of 

 the pupa the appearance of a leaf. The chrysalides that 

 I refer to are those of Papilio Brasidas, Felder (the 

 southern form of P. Leonidas, Fab.), Avhich has been 

 figured by Mr. H. C. Harford from specimens found in 

 Natal, and of the Indian P. Sarpedon, Linn., and 

 P. Eurypylus, Linn., figured in the Catalogue of Lepi- 

 doptera in the Hon. E. I. C. Museum (1857 ; pi. iii., 

 f. 8 a, and pi. xii., f. 10 a). The pupie of the three 

 species last referred to are, however, — to judge from the 

 figures — so robust in proportions that their likeness to 

 leaves must (except on the dorsal view) be much less com- 

 plete than that afforded by the pupa of Merope. 



Under the heading " change from larva to pupa," it 

 will be observed that ISIr. Weale notes the remarkable 

 circumstance that the cephalic processes are at the outset 

 widely separated in the developing pupa of Merope, and 

 the further most singular fact that they, in conjunction 

 with the concaved haustellum or antennae, are used by the 

 insect to rid itself of the larval skin. These observations 

 were so new to me, that I thought it Avell to address Mr. 

 Weale on the subject, and his reply is as follows, viz. : — 



" With respect to the transformations, you may have 

 noticed I first of all put 'haustellum' for 'antennae,' and 

 I am rather disposed to think the first right ; and will 

 endeavour to preserve one next year in the process. 

 I never remember noticing anything of the sort in any 

 other butterfly. The following 

 Avill give you a rough idea of 

 the appearance. Whether it be 

 the haustellum or antennae, it or 

 they are quite detached along the 

 middle from the body, and after- 

 wards become attached. The line 



of joining is coincident with the keel-like riclge, and at the 

 time is soft and very viscid, and the junction is com- 

 pletely hidden by the up-archino- of the body during the 

 last part of the transformation." 



