Case of Papilio Merope. I47 



2. Papilio Brutus. 

 (a.) Brutus. 



$ . Brutus, Fabrlcius, Sp. Ins. p. 13 (1781). 



?. Hippocoon, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iii. p. 38 



(1793). 

 $ , ^. Sierra Leone. 



(b.) Niavius. 



$. [Diagnosis.] 



2. Niavius, Cram., Pap. Exot., iii. pi. 234, fig. A 



(1782). 

 <?, $. Ashanti. 



Tlie ^s allotted to the several sub-divisions are distin- 

 guished in this arrangement, by the differences presented 

 by the upperside as regards (in forewings) the size and 

 form of the apical spot, the width of the costal black 

 edging in respect of the discoidal cell, the breadth of the 

 liind-marginal black border, and the "undate" or "dentate- 

 sinuate" hind margin; and (in hindwings) the prevalence 

 of a more or less complete, black, discal fascia, and of black 

 marking on the tails : and, by the underside, as regards 

 darker or lighter colouring. The ^ s of (a.) Brutus and 

 (b..) Niavius are further defined from the southern $ s by 

 their longer Avings and much paler under surface of hind- 

 Avings ; while the latter is distinguished from the former 

 by its gTcater size and much broader border of forewings. 



The possession of fuller means of judging than I pos- 

 sessed, when Avriting of these butterflies in 1868, enables 

 me to state that I quite concur with Mr. Butler in holding 

 that the prevalent form of il/i^ro/'^'onthe coast of Western 

 Tropical Afiica is sufficiently distinct in both sexes from the 

 southern form to take rank as a separate species. In the 

 $ s, besides the longer wings and paler * underside colour- 

 ing noticed by Mr. Butler, the western form appears 

 constantly to have longer tails to the hindwings ; all the 

 internervular, dark rays on its underside are in both wings, 

 and especially in the basal half of the hindwings, much 

 more fuscous and strongly marked, and the discal bar on the 

 underside of the hindwings is narrower, more broken, and 

 irregular, and more inclining to fuscous than ferruginous- 

 ochreous. In the $ s, Hippocoon dififers from the corre- 

 sponding southern form, not only in its larger size and 

 comparatively longer wings, but in the broader, sub-apical, 



* And, I would add, less rufescent. 

 L 2 



