GASTROPODA. 1035 
Helicotoma verticalis.] 
nine whorls. On the other hand, in eleven specimens of H. wmbilicata the amount exposed varies from 
fully two-thirds to nine-tenths of the width, and in most cases exceeds three-fourths. H. tennesseensis 
Safford is probably nearer than any of the other species, but has constantly a higher spire and narrower 
umbilicus. On the exterior of the shell, the lower part of the outer side of the whorls is sometimes quite 
prominent. 
_ Formation and locality.—Stones River group, Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota; Beloit, Janes- 
ville and Mineral Point, Wisconsin, and Dixon, Dunleith, La Salle and Rockton, Illinois. Though 
widely distributed it seems not to be common at any point. 
Collections.—University of Wisconsin; EK. O. Ulrich. 
Heticoroma vERTICALIS, n. sp. (Ulrich.) 
PLATE LXII, FIG. 69; PLATE LXXIV, FIGS. 18 and 19. 
This species is known from casts of the interior only, but they are readily distinguished from all of 
the preceding forms by the rectangular form of the outer and upper surfaces of the whorls. ‘The latter 
are not more than four in number, enlarge rapidly, are strongly convex below and leave a deep and rela- 
tively narrow umbilicus. On the under side the cast resembles the shell of H. planulatoides very 
closely, but in other respects is quite different, the outer side of the whorls in that species being concave 
and inclined inwards above instead of convex or flat and vertical. The upper surface of the whorls, in 
accordance with the differences just mentioned, is considerably wider in H. verticalis. 
Koken figures a Russian shell which he calls Raphistoma damesi (N. Jahrbuch f. Mineralogie, etc., 
1889, Beilageband vi, pl. XI, figs. 4, 4a) that reminds one greatly of H. verticalis. If he is right in calling 
his species a Raphistoma, then it is evident that it cannot be very closely related to our shell. If, on the 
other hand, it is, like ours, a Helicotoma, then it might be difficult to distinguish it from the American 
form. Still, the outer side of the whorls in Koken’s species is not quite vertical, but begins to slope 
inward at the upper angle. 
Formation and locality —Upper part of Stones River group, High Bridge, Kentucky, where it occurs 
associated with H. planulatoides and H. granosa. 
Collection.—E. O. Ulrich. 
HELIcoToMA GRANOSA, ». sp. (Ulrich.) 
PLATE LXXXII, FIGS. 32—44. 
Shell small, generally 7 to 9 mm. in diameter, probably not exceeding 12 mm; hight equaling about 
a third of the width; notch-carina prominent, thin, its summit carrying a row of small nodes; whorls 
three and a half or four, the inner ones raised, the outer two coiled nearly in the same plane; upper sur- 
face of whorls depressed, nearly flat and sloping slightly dowaward toward the suture; umbilicus large, 
exposing about three-fourths of each of the inner turns; outer side of whorls strongly convex in the lower 
half and distinctly concave in the upper; entire outer side of whorls, when perfect. covered with irregu- 
larly distributed or retrally curved rows of granules or small nodes; a series of similar nodes along the 
center of the upper side of the first two and a half volutions. 
When the sculpture bearing layer is removed. the shell is smooth, and in this condition it is most 
difficult te distinguish from the young of H. umbilicata. Perfect specimens, however, with their peculiar 
granulose markings, could not possibly be confused with any other species known. 
Formation and locality.—Upper part of Stones River group, High Bridge, Kentucky. 
Collection.—H. O. Ulrich. 
