12 



than three species exist, each closely regulated by 

 climatic influences producing 13- or 17-year strains, 

 operating under either-or genetic controls. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Alexandkr. R. D., and T. E. Moore. 19.58. Studies on the 

 acoustical behavior ot seventeen year cicadas (Homop- 

 tera: Cicadidae: MafiicirarJa ). Ohio Journal of Science 

 58(2): 107-127. 



, and 1962. The evolutionary relation- 

 ships of 17-year and 1.3-year cicadas, and tliree new spe- 

 cies (Honioptera, Cicadidae, Maf/icicnda) . University of 

 Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publication 

 121. 59 p. 



Beamer. R. H. 1931. Notes on the 17-year cicada in Kansas. 

 Kansas Entomological Society .lournal 4(3):5.3-58. 



Dybas. H. S. 1969. The 17-year cicada: A four-year "mis- 

 take"? Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin 40(8) : 

 10-12. 



1970. Poulation explosion — 17-year locust style. 



Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin 41(5):11-13. 



, and D. D. Davis. 1962. A population census of 



Lloyd. M.. and H. S. Dyih.s. 1966a. The periodical cicada 

 problem. I. Population ecology. Evolution ^0(2): 

 133-149. 



seventeen-year periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadi- 

 dae: Maoicicacla). Ecology 43(3) :432-444. 

 , and M. Lloyd. 1962. Isolation by habitat in two 



synchronized species ot periodical cicadas (Homoptera: 

 Cicadidae: Magicicada). Ecology 43(3) :444-459. 

 and 1974. The habitats of 17-year 



periodical cicadas (Homoptera: (Cicadidae: Magicicada 



spp.) Ecological Monographs 44(3) : 279-324. 

 Fitch, A. 1856. The seventeen-year locust, Cicada septem- 



decim, Linnaeus. Pages 38-49 in First and second report 



of the noxious, beneficial and other insects, of the state of 



XewYork. Albany. 

 Hamilton. D. W. 1962. Periodical cicadas, Magicicada spp.. 



as pests in apple orchards. Indiana Academy of Science 



Proceedings 71:116-121. 

 LeBakon, W, 1872. Periodical cicada. Pages 124-133 in 



Second annual report on the noxious insects of the state 



of Illinois. Springfield. 



. 1966fc. The periodical cicada prob- 

 EJvolution 20(4 1:466-505. 



. and 



lem. II. Evolution. 



Mari-.vtt. C. L. 1898. The periodical cicada, an account of 

 Cicada septendecim. its natural enemies and the means 

 of preventing its injury, to;,'ether with a summary of the 

 distribution of the different broods. U.S. Department of 

 Agriculture, Division of Entomology. Bulletin 14, new 

 series. 148 p. 



1907. The periodical cicada. U.S. Department 



of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology Bulletin 71. 181 p 



Moore. T. E.. and R. D. Ai.exa.nuek. 1958. The periodical 

 cicada complex (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Tenth Inter- 

 national Congress of Entomology Proceedings. 1956. 

 1:349-355. 



MuLi.ER. H. J. 1957. Die Wirkung exogener Faktoren auf 

 die zyklische Formenbildung der Insekten, insbesondere 

 der Gattung Eu.tcelis (Horn. Auchenorrhynchai. Zoolo- 

 gische Jahrbucher 85(4/5) :317-430. 



Riley. C. V. 1868. "First account ever published of [a 

 13-year] brood" of the periodical cicada (exact title 

 not known). Journal of Agriculture. St. Louis. June 

 13, 1868. [This article, not seen, referred to by Riley 

 (1869:19)]. 



1869. The periodical cicada. Pages 18-42 in First 



annual report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects, 

 of the state of Missouri. Jefferson City. 



1885. The periodical cicada. U.S. Department of 



Agriculture, Division ot Entomology Bulletin S. Second 

 ed. 46 p. 



Stannaki). L. J., Jr. 1965. Polymorphism in the Putnam's 

 scale, Aspidiotiis ancylus (Homoptera: Coccoidea). En- 

 tomological Society of America Annals 58(4) : 573-576. 



Thomas, C. 1865. Insects injurious to vegetation in Illinois. 

 Pages 401-468 in Illinois State Agricultural Society 

 Transactions 5. Springfield. 



Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley. 1868. The periodical cicada. 

 American Entomologist 1:63-72. 



(33824— 3M— 2-75) 



US ISSN 0073-490X 



