APPENDIX 115 



length. Toes four, arranged in pairs, except in the three-toed 

 genus. Iris brown, except when noted. Marked by a habit of 

 clinging to upright surfaces and digging a deep hole in a tree- 

 trunk for nesting. Eggs always pearly white. 



I. Very large — 18 inches or more; conspicuously crested. A. 

 II. Medium or small — 14 inches or less; never crested. B. 



A. a^ Bill gleaming ivory white ; fourth toe decidedly longest. 



Ivory-billed Woodpecker. 1. 

 2? Bill hlackish ; fourth toe not decidedly longest. 



Pileated Woodpecker or Logcock. 14. 



B. a^ Toes three; $ with yellow crown. 



Three-toed Woodpeckers. 9 & 10. 

 a^ Toes four; crown never yellow (b). 



b^ Not spotted nor streaked either above or belotv (c). 

 c^ Body clear black ; head white. 



White-headed Woodpecker. 8. 

 c* Blue-black above ; rump white ; head and neck red. 



Red-headed Woodpecker. 15. 

 c' Greenish black above, with pinkish red belly. 



Lewis's Woodpecker. 17. 

 c* Greenish black with sulphur yellow forehead and 

 throat. 



Californian Woodpecker. 16. 

 c^ Glossy blue-black with scarlet throat and yellow belly. 

 Male of Williamson's Sapsucker. 13. 

 b^ Spotted with black or brown on breast and sides, but not 

 streaked nor barred with white (d). 

 d^ Brown spots on breast and sides ; upper parts plain 

 brown. 



Arizona Woodpecker. 7. 

 d^ Black spots on breast and sides; wings and tail bril- 

 liantly colored beneath (e). 

 e^ Wings and tail golden beneath; mustaches black in 

 male, wanting in female. 



Flicker. 21. 

 e^ Wings and tail golden beneath ; mustaches red in 

 both sexes. 



Gilded Flicker. 23. 



