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GREAT BRITAIN. 



There is not and never has been in Great Britain a special government 

 appropriation for work in economic entomology. In 1885 Mr. Charles 

 Whitehead suggested to the lords of the committee of council for 

 agriculture that it would be valuable to publish reports uj)0u insects 

 injurious to various farm crops. He jjrepared, and the council pub- 

 lished, a series of four reports upon insects injurious to the hop plant, 

 corn, and leguminous plants, to turnips, cabbage, and other cultivated 

 cruciferous plants, and to fruit crops. In 1886 Mr. Whitehead was 

 appointed agricultural adviser and prepared a report upon insects and 

 fungi injurious to crops of the farm, orchard, and garden for 1887-'88. 

 In 1889 the board of agriculture was formed, and Mr. Whitehead was 

 retained as technical adviser, especially with reference to insects and 

 fungi injurious to crops, but also with reference to other agricultural 

 questions. He ijrepared annual reports on insects and fungi for 1889, 

 1891, and 1892, and a number of leaflets and special bulletins on insects 

 unusually prevalent from 1889 down to the present time. I learn from 

 Mr. Whitehead that there is no specific law authorizing this expendi- 

 ture; that his work Las been continuous since 1887, and that he has 

 received an annual sum of £250 only. The more important of the 

 special bulletins and leaflets which have been issued have been : Special 

 Report on an Attack of the Diamond-back Moth Caterpillar, 1892; 

 Caterpillars on Fruit Trees; Hessian Fly; Moths on Fruit Trees, 1890; 

 Apple Blossom Weevil, Easpberry Moth, and the Mangel-wurzel Fly, 

 1892; Black Currant Mite, 1893; and the Red Spider and Apple 

 Sucker, 1894. 



While Mr. Whitehead has therefore been the only governmental 

 worker in agricultural entomology, a very considerable work has been 

 done in a semioflieial way by an untiring and public-spirited woman. 

 Miss pjleanor A. Ormerod, who is, or rather was, in hec of&cial capacity, 

 honorary consulting entomologist to the Royal Agricultural Society. 

 From 187G to 1893 Miss Ormerod held this position; conducted the 

 correspondence of the Royal Agricultural Society on the subject of 

 injurious insects, and published at her own expense a series of annual 

 reports, seventeen in number, which have contributed very largely to 

 the difl'usion of knowledge concerning injurious insects in Great Britain 

 among the farming classes. She has had a most conservative class of 

 people to deal with, and has encountered many obstacles. She has 

 shown herself ingenious, careful, and receptive to a degree, and at the 

 same time possessed of an enthusiam and an unlimited perseverance 

 which are calculated to overcome all obstacles. She has studied many 

 of the English crop enemies de novo; she has popularized the work of 

 other English entomologists, and has made accessible to the agricul- 

 tural 'class the work of John Curtis and Prof. Westwood, and has 

 adopted, and strongly advocated the adoption of, measures found to be 

 successful in other countries, narticularly m America. The good which 



