88 



been couductetl upon insects injurious to orcliards in the Crimea, wliich 

 have been published in a work coraprisin<? three parts. In the lirst 

 part the Tyralids and Tineids are described; in the second i)art Sehi- 

 zoneura lankjcra and several other plant-lice by Cholodkowsky, and in 

 the third part Coleoptera and other insects. Further publications con- 

 cerning the noxious insects of the country about Khwalinsk and those 

 of the district of Kharkow, have been issued. In tlie first-mentioned 

 locality, Ehyncliites panxillus and R. auratus, and also to some degree 

 Anthonomus incurvus were particularly studied, while some observa- 

 tions were made also upon Psylld maU, and in the latter locality three 

 species of Rhynchites and a Scoly tus, in addition to Oxythyrea stictica and 

 Tropinota hirta, were special objects of study. Among insects injuri- 

 ous to forests observations have been made upon various kinds of Bos- 

 trichida», as well as several other beetles, and Lepidoptera, by Linde- 

 man and Schewyrow. Particular attention was paid to tlie destruc- 

 tion of Psilura monaclia (the nun moth), Ocneria dispar (the gypsy moth), 

 Bomhyx pini, Bupalns pimarius, 'A\\(\. Zeuzera pyrina (the leopard moth), 

 bySchewyrow. 



I have entered into these details somewhat fully on account of the 

 inaccessibility to the American worker of these papers, which are pub- 

 lished in the Russian language, a tongue which is little known in this 

 country. This mention will sufficiently characterize the activity of the 

 entomologists who have been detailed by the Department of Agricul- 

 ture. The department has also, in particularly important cases, called 

 conferences and established temporary commissions. Three Phylloxera 

 experiment stations or commissions have been established in this way — 

 one in the Caucasus, another in the Crimea, and a third at Odessa. The 

 expenses of these three commissions or experiment stations are paid 

 by the Department of Agriculture. Experts are in charge and direct 

 investigations and experiments. The results are forwarded to the 

 central department and i)ublished. 



The correspondence of the Department of Lands and Agriculture in 

 regard to injurious insects has increased so greatly of late years that a 

 rather i^eculiar feature has been introduced. A request has been sent 

 out by the department to a number of entomologists not officially con- 

 nected with it soliciting their assistance, and a contingent of so-called 

 " correspondents on entomological questions" has been formed. Most 

 of the correspondents are members of the Russian ^Entomological 

 Society, althongh living in different i)arts of the empire. To these 

 correspondents agriculturists and local agricultural societies look for 

 advice as to the best means of fighting injurious insects. 



In 1878 the authorities of Odessa created the Odessa Entomological 

 Commission, which was at first almost entirely dependent upon appro 

 priations from the provinces of Cherson, Taur, and Bessarabia. In 1887 

 a regular entomologist was employed, since which date the authorities 

 of Poltaw and Jekaterinslaw have also provided funds for the support 



