128 



(2) Lime-kerosene emulsion. — In the course of some investigations 

 made three or four years ago in the treatment of rust and plant lice 

 aflecting oats, it was found that kerosene and lime when shaken togetlier 

 cold would make an emulsion that would stand fairly well. This 

 emulsion has been prepared in various ways, but has never been thor- 

 oughly tested by me as an insecticide. The usual method of prepara- 

 tion has been to first prepare a milk of lime having about the con- 

 sistency of thick cream. The kerosene may then be added to the lime 

 milk at the rate of 1 to 5, 1 to 10, 1 to 15, I to 20, 1 to 25, or 1 to 30. 

 After adding the kerosene it is only necessary to thoroughly churn 

 the mixture by pumping it back into itself by means of a small force 

 pump. The emulsions of the strengths mentioned have been used 

 without injurious results on a number of plants, such as grape, rose, 

 cherry, raspberry, etc. It does not seem to spread as readily as the 

 soap emulsion nor is it as stable when diluted. It may prove useful, 

 however, as a medium for the combination of the arsenites Avitli kero- 

 sene. 



f3J Bordeaux-mixture-Tierosene emulsion. — Having used kerosene in 

 emulsion with limemilk, the thought suggested itself that the kerosene 

 might be added to Bordeaux mixture and thus produce a combined 

 insecticide and fungicide. It was found upon experimenting that the 

 kerosene would readily emulsify with the Bordeaux mixture, forming 

 a compound ni<ne stable than the mixture alone. The insecticide and 

 fungicide properties of the combination have not been thoroughly 

 tested in the field. Some trials, made with a view of testing the mix- 

 ture as regards its wetting power, adhesiveness, and injurious effect 

 on foliage, have shown that in most cases the preparation wets the parts 

 almost as readily as Bordeaux mixture alone, but it does not seem to 

 adhere quite so well. The strength used in these trials range from 1 

 to 5 to 1 to 25, the 1 in each case representing the kerosene. Xo injury 

 resulted to any of the plants excepting peach, which had its foliage 

 removed by the 1 to 5 and 1 to 10 formulas. It seems to me that this 

 is a very promising combination, and I hope it may be thoroughly 

 tested in the field. 



About a year ago Prof. Slingerland, of the Cornell Experiment Sta- 

 tion, described a similar mixture,* which, upon field trial, did not prove 

 satisfactory. Prof. Slingerland's mixture differs from the one under 

 consideration in that he made up his kerosene emulsion in the regular 

 way with soap and then added it to Bordeaux mixture. I am under the 

 impression that such a combination would not be as stable as the kero- 

 sene alone, as the lime would have a tendency to separate the soap 

 from the kerosene. 



f4J Bordeaux- mixture-lcerosene emulsion and Paris green. — Paris 

 green may be added to this combination in any amount desired, thus 



* Slingerland, M. V., The Cornell Mixture, Science, August 25, 1893, pp. 105. 106. 



