249 



Dates of Examinatiou. 



July 28 



August 11 . .. 

 August 25 . . . 

 September 9 . 

 September 23 



Empty 

 pupsB. 



Pupie 



not 



hatched. 



127 

 34 

 4 



Total. 



220 

 65 

 46 

 81 

 54 



Mr. Gillette, for Iowa, states that the first larvte begiu to escape 

 from the fruit about the 1st of July, and by the 4th of July fully one- 

 half have emerged. On July 19 several moths were bred from these 

 larvne. (Iowa Exp. Sta. Bull. 7, p. 277.) 



Prof. Washburn has also published a table, presumably based on 

 breeding records, which indicates certainly two broods, and probably 

 three, for Oregon. (Bull. 25, Oregon Exp. Station.) 



Of California Mr. Coquillett says that his notes indicate that it is 

 here three-brooded, "the moths from hibernating worms issuing in the 

 latter part of March, and during the first half of April, those of the 

 next brood appearing in June and during the first half of July, while 

 the third brood of moths appear in August and early in September." 

 (Bull. 30, Div. Entom. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 30.) 



But I wish to call attention more particularly to my own personal 

 experience with this insect, recorded for the most part in the annual 

 report of the Kansas Experiment Station for 1888. In the report of 

 work with the codling moth by Prof. Popenoe and myself for that year, 

 a record is given (p. 178) of the collection of larv?e and pupiie under 

 bands during the season, amounting altogether to 17,245 of the former 

 and 3,153 of the latter. The bands were examined and the insects 

 removed at intervals of 6 to 10 days, from June 25 to October 13, the 

 first larvte appearing about July 1. The frequency of the examina. 

 tions was designed to prevent the possib le transformation and escape 

 of any of the insects, and resulted in the collection of very many more 

 larvte than pupte, few of the former having time to transform. But, 

 nevertheless, the larvae were steadily transformin g to pupae through- 

 out the season, and a great many moths were bred in an attempt to 

 secure all possible parasites. 



An instance, also, of transformation the same season, and very late 

 at that, is given by Mr. Howard (Report Dept. Agric, 1887, p. 92). He 

 reports receiving pupiie from Mr. M. B. Newman, of Wyandotte, Kans., 

 collected November 12. These were kept in a warm room and yielded 

 moths January 8 and 14. A codling moth was also bred at the Depart- 

 ment July 28, 1890, from cherries received July 11, 1890, from M. Ban- 

 nister, of Ottumwa, Iowa. 



If tnrther evidence of this general occurrence of two broods were 

 needed, it is forthcoming in the great increase in the percentage of 

 unsound fruit in September and October, and this also by the attack 

 of newly-hatched larvae. This is contrary to the statements of Prof. 



