250 



Suiitli, and of course would not be expected with the occurrence of a 

 single brood, but conforms with the experience of nearly all wlio have 

 made any positive observations on the subject. In substantiation of 

 this fact, I (juote from the table given on page 173 of the Kansas report 

 cited. It represents the results of early and late picking from the 

 same trees. About one-half of the fruit of each tree was gathered on 

 the first date and the balance on the later date : 



Variety. 



Date of 

 gathering. 



Jonathan -I Aug. 8, 



Yelk)\v bellflower do 



Do I do 



Wagner 1 do 



Ver cent ! Date of I Per cent 

 wormy, i gathering. ! ■wormy. 



Sept. 15.... j 35 



do j 5i 



do 1 53 



do 47 



* This tree had received two applications of Pari.s green and the preceding tree one of Climax 

 Insect Poison. 



The great increase in the percentage of unsound fruit shown in the 

 above record was almost altogether late in August and in September, 

 and by larvae recently hatched or less than half grown. 



All these records practically coincide in recording the transformation 

 of the first brood of larvse into moths during the latter half of July 

 and throughout August, and the occurrence of a second brood of larvse 

 from August to November. The normal and usual occurrence, there- 

 fore, can not be doubed of two well-defined broods in the portions of 

 the United States directly referred to, with a third in California and 

 probably in the South. Of these two broods the second is by far the 

 more destructive. 



The records of the State of Maine, however, indicate that normally 

 one annual brood is the rule, with a partial or supplemental second 

 brood, the abundance of the latter depending on the season. The most 

 thorough and careful observations on this point are those of Mr. C. A- 

 Atkins (Agriculture of Maine, 1883, pp. 350-363), whose work is a model 

 ot painstaking and systematic investigation and deserves wider publi. 

 cation. It covers the entire life-cycle of the insect, and in the matter 

 of the number of broods establishes beyond a peradventure that the 

 great majority of the larvae — the immediate progeny of moths from 

 hibernating larviie — remain unchanged in the cocoons from the 1st of 

 August to from June 15 to August of the following year, transforming 

 chiefly between June 15 and July 15. In September, however, a very 

 few moths came out from the August cocoons of the same year, and in 

 all 50 moths were bred. INIr. Atherton, in discussing this paper, states 

 that one brood is the rule in Maine, but that last season (an unusual 

 year, 1882) there were two broods, apples taken from a tree in Novem- 

 ber containing small worms. Prof. F. L. Harvey states that his obser- 

 vations indicate two broods, having also observed half grown larvae 

 in November (Ann. Kept. Maine Agl. Coll., 1888, p. 174); and Prof. 

 William M. Munson states that " it was observed that a large percen- 



