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FURTHER NOTES ON THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 



By L. O. HoWAKi). 



In a paper read before the Association of Economic Entomologists 

 last August, and published in the current volume of Insect Life (pp. 

 153-103), the writer showed that the extensive distribution of Circular 

 No. 3, of this Division, announcing the appearance of the San Jose or 

 pernicious scale in tlie East had resulted in the ascertaining of the 

 fact that the scale had already made its appearance in Neavitt, 

 Talbot County, Md.; Cliestertown, Kent County, Md.; Bartle, Wash- 

 ington County, Ind.; many points in JSTew Jersey; Atglen, Chester 

 County, Pa.; Lewisburg, Union County, Pa.; as well as in Walton 

 County, Fla., Charles Couutj% Md., and in the vicinity of Charlottes- 

 ville, Va., these last three localities having been mentioned in the 

 circular. It was further noted that the scale had also made its appear- 

 ance in Idaho and British Columbia. 



Tins paper was prepared about the first of August, and at that time, 

 from the energy with which owners of infested orchards were taking 

 hold of the matter of remedies, and from the apparently efficacious 

 results of two or three summer sprayings with kerosene emulsion in 

 certain cases, the writer, after having examined the ground thoroughly, 

 was inclined to the opinion that the insect would be speedily reduced 

 to comparative harmlessness in all of the localities in which it was tlien 

 found. From the iuconspicuousness of the insect (except upon fruit), 

 when occurring in reasonably small numbers, I was tolerably certain, 

 however, that we had by no means ascertained all of the eastern 

 localities in which the insect would be found — the more particularly as 

 we had been informed by Professor Smith that two large New Jersey 

 nurseries, to which we had traced nearly all of the eastern occurrences, 

 had, for certainly five or six years, been sending out infested stock 

 broadcast. This supposition has been abundantly justified by the 

 finding of the scale in very large numbers in several localities not 

 recorded in August ; and late fall observations upon trees sprayed dur- 

 ing the summer have indicated the comparative futility of the applica- 

 tion of washes during the summer. Moreover, extensive winter work 

 has shown that the winter washes which are reported to be so effective 

 in California and the other Pacific States are much less effective in the 

 East, a tact which is probably due to the much colder climate and a 

 more complete dormancy on the part of the insect. Absolute extermi- 

 nation is therefore not to be expected. The San Jose scale has come 

 to stay, and must be added to the long list of orchard insects which 

 the Eastern horticulturist must always watch and fight. 



