294 



Oregon winter wash: 



2(3. (Ordinary strength.) Sulphur, 15 pounds; slaked lime, 1.5 pound.^; blue- 

 stone, li pounds; water sufficient to make 100 gallons. Fatal to a compar- 

 atively suiall percentage of the scales. 



27. (Double strength.) Sulphur, .SO pounds; slaked lime, 30 pounds; ]>lnestone, 



2A pounds; water snfflrient to make 100 gallons. Quite a large percentage 

 of the scales escaped destruction. 

 California lime-sulphur-and-salt wash : 



28. (Ordinary strength.) Sulphur, 25 pounds; lime, 50 pounds ; salt, 18 pounds ; 



water sufficient to make 100 gallons. Fatal to a comparatively snir.U per- 

 centage of the scales. 



29. (Double strength.) Sulphurj 50 pounds; lime, 100 pounds; salt, 80 pounds; 



water to make 100 gallons. A rather large percentage of the scales not 

 destroyed. 



Note. — Ex])eriment8 8 to 11 and 11 to 25 were followed in from seven to ten hours 

 after application of the washes by a hard shower of ten or fifteen minutes' duration. 

 Experiments 3 to 7 had been on the trees a little over twenty-four hours previous to 

 this rainfall. The other experiments were of earlier date, and were not influenced 

 by rains for a considerable time after the applications were made. 



The experiments, on the whole, were made under rather disadvan- 

 tageous circumstances. Eather heavy rains followed within a few 

 hours of the majority of the applications, but this is to be exjiected in 

 any applications which may be made during the winter season in this 

 climate. Some difference was noted in the effectiveness of certain of 

 the washes upon different portions of the tree, and we believe it may 

 be stated that most washes will be more effective on the sunny side 

 than on the shady side of the trees. 



As anticipated from experiments made in Washington, D. C, during 

 the winter of 1893-94, by Mr. Marlatt upon the new peach scale, 

 Diaspis lanatus, the California lime-salt-and-sulphur wash, by means 

 of wiiich many Californians have reduced the numbers of the San 

 Jose scale to insignilicance, has proved entirely ineffective in this 

 climate. The same must also be said of the Oregon Avash, which 

 resembles the California wash iu its ingredients, except in the substi- 

 tution of bluestone for salt. 



The only absolutely perfect results which have been reached have 

 come from the application of two pounds or more of commercial whale- 

 oil soap to the gallon of water, and from the application of a resin wash 

 of six times the normal summer strength. The effects following the 

 application of these washes leave nothing to be desired. In all cases the 

 most careful search over tlie sprayed trees has failed to show a single 

 living scale. The washes which have destroyed 85 per cent or more of 

 the scales have been: One and one-half pounds of whale-oil soap to the 

 gallon of water; resin wash four times summer strength; pure kero- 

 sene emulsion; one and one-half pounds or more of hard laundry soap 

 to the gallon of water, and concentrated potash lye, 2 pounds to the 

 gallon of water. We do not advise the use of the last substance in 

 this strength on account ot danger of injury to the tree. We areprac- 



