3S1 



evident. Mr. Koebele leared another generation in June. The follow- 

 ing' 3'ear the company forwarded specimens to Dr. Kiley in September, 

 which were nearly all in the pupa state and from which flies issued 

 September 8. In October of the following year (1893) Mr. J. W. Morse, 

 of the Western Beet Sugar Company, sent from Watsonville, Cal., 

 three beet roots, accompanied by considerable soil, and in this soil were 

 found puparia of the Pegomyia from which, however, no adults issued. 

 There seem, herefore, in California, to be at least five annual genera- 

 tions, but w( are unable to state definitely the method of hibernation. 

 Judging from the habits of allied species the insect will hibernate in 

 the puparium stage. 



Remedies. — There is little which can be done in the way of direct 

 remedies for this insect without sacrificing the foliage, but the foliage 

 is not important to the beet croj) after a certain time. After the tubers 

 become well grown it will be obviously practical and quite efficient as 

 a preventive of damage the following year to cut, remove, and destroy 

 the beet tops. There will, of course, at any season of the year be a 

 greater or less number of puparia in the ground about the roots but 

 the numbers of the insect can be greatly reduced bj^ this means. If 

 this plan be adopted and if the field be plowed and harrowed after the 

 roots are dug, the probabilities are that no serious damage will follow 

 next season. 



TWO DIPTEROUS LEAF-MINERS ON GARDEN VEGETABLES. 



By D. W. COQUILLETT. 

 A LEAF-MINER ON RADISHES. 



A new injurious insect has made its appearance in this country 

 within the past few years in the shape of a small, two-winged fly, whose 

 larva? form rather large blotch mines in the leaves of the garden radish. 

 It was first observed on June 12, 18.92, by Mr. Theodore Pergande, of 

 this division. In one of the gardens of Ivy City, D. C, he noticed 

 that quite a large number of the radish leaves had been mined by the 

 larvie of a dipterous insect; the greater number of the mines were 

 empty, but a few of them still contained larv?e, three of which pupated 

 the next day, and the adults emerged eight days later. One of these 

 is represented in the accompanying illustration (Fig. 40). The color is 

 a pale yellowish, with the antennal arista, an ocellar dot, the tip of the 

 abdomen and of each tarsus blackish. 



A recent study of these specimens indicates that they belong to 

 BrosopMla flaveola Meigen, a rather common European insect, not 

 hitherto reported as occurring in this country. In Europe it has been 

 bred from larvte found mining the leaves of turnips, pease, Cochlearia 

 officinalis, Anthyllis vulneraria. and TroiKwlum canariense. As many 



