412 



and geiiernl Avay the taxonoTiiic conclusions arrived at by Professor 

 Comstock. 



In the American Naturalist for March, 1895, Mr. Kellogg, briefly 

 reviewing the whole matter, gives additional points of interest based 

 upon the structure of the thorax, and his Avork in this direction is of 

 the broadest interest, although it is but a beginning. He shows that 

 here again the suborders Frenatiii and Jngatie of Comstock are con- 

 firmed, and that in Micropteryx and Ilepialus we have a generalized 

 type of thorax approaching that of the Trichoptera, while in the other 

 groups this portion of the body is more highly specialized, the meso- 

 iiotum in particular being developed at the expense of the metanotum. 

 His thoracic studies indicate that Hepialus is more specialized than 

 Micropteryx, while among the Frenatfe the Tineiua possess the greatest 

 development of the metathorax, as had, by the way, already been pointed 

 out by Brauer. In the Tineina, however, Mr. Kellogg finds that the 

 shape of the sclerites differs greatly from that of the Jugatie. Among 

 the thoracic sclerites the so-called "patagia of the mesothorax" (more 

 properly "tegula^") have particularly attracted Mr. Kellogg's attention, 

 and here again he finds these organs highly specialized, although vary- 

 ing greatly in degree and in direct relation with the power of flight, 

 wdth the Frenatfe, while with the Jugatie there is again an approach 

 to the trichopterous form. 



In a later paper (American Naturalist, June, 1895) Mr. Kellogg 

 enters upon the consideration of the mouth-parts, and shows a very dis- 

 tinct correspondence between the very generalized mouth of Microp- 

 teryx and the equally generalized, although somewhat rudimentary, 

 mouth of Hepialus, the parts of botli differing strongly from the 

 si^ecialized mouth-parts of other Lepidoptera, thus still further helping 

 to confirm the Comstockiau suborder Jugatse. Careful study of the 

 mouth-parts of the Trichoptera shows considerable correspondence 

 between the trichopterous and the jugate mouth, although his studies 

 lead Mr. Kellogg to believe that the Jugatiie can not be looked upon as 

 in any way lineal descendants of the Trichoi)tera. The affinity must 

 be of the character of two dichotomously divided lines of descent. 

 Incidentally to the main objects of the paper several interesting points 

 are brought out, notably the conclusion that the maxillary lobe in 

 Micropteryx which goes to make u]) the short proboscis is laciuia and 

 nor galea, as had been concluded by Walter in 1885; also that the 

 lepidopterous mandibles figured by Savigny, Graber, Packard, Hyatt 

 and Arms, Lang, and others are not mandibular remnants; and also 

 that the thorn like projections figured by Burgess in his Anatomy of 

 the Milkweed Butterfly and identified as rudimentary maxillary palpi 

 are wrongly named. 



This class of Avork is of a veiy high character, and Professor Com- 

 stock's paper, aside from the actual and great value of his researches, 

 is of inestimable service as directing thought into so rich a field. 



